High School Social Studies Oklahoma Standards

Content Standards

Practice Standards

Examine transformations in medieval society.

Identify major developments in banking, manufacturing at scale, and international trade.

Describe the impact of innovations, such as the compass, gunpowder, and Wootz steel.

The student will examine the origins of humans and their early development through the Neolithic Age.

Identify sites in Africa where archaeologists have found evidence of the origins of modern human beings and summarize their theories and conclusions.

Analyze the geographical and environmental factors that encouraged human communities to organize into complex states.

Describe the characteristics of the hunter-gatherer societies from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age (use of tools and fire, hunting weapons, physical adornments).

Explain the importance of the invention of metallurgy (bronze and iron) for the development of weapons and tools.

Describe how the development of agriculture (the cultivation of crops and the domestication of animals) related to settlement, population growth, and the emergence of civilization.

Identify the major characteristics of civilizations (e.g., geographic boundaries and political institutions, economies that produce food surpluses, the formation of cities and states, social classes and hierarchical organization, developed systems of religion, learning, art, and architecture, and systems of writing and record keeping).

The student will examine change during High Middle Ages in Europe from 1000-1300.

Explain the origins of iconoclasm and the schism between Orthodoxy and Catholicism in 1054.

Examine how William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings established the French- speaking Normans as rulers of England and brought about a significant cultural, economic and military transformation.

Describe political developments in medieval Europe from the Norman Conquest to the Mongol Invasions, including the

development of English Common Law, including Henry II’s consolidation of royal power, reorganization of the judicial system, and establishment of criminal justice procedures

partial disintegration of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of independent city-states in Italy and Germany

consequences of the European Crusades in the 11th to 13th centuries, including the Fourth Crusade, the Crusader conquest of Orthodox Christian Byzantium, and the Crusader Kingdoms of Greece

divergence of Russia from Western Europe (e.g., Orthodox Christianity, Baltic Crusades, the Mongol Yoke).

Analyze the origins, meanings, immediate effects, and legacy of the Magna Carta.

Examine religious, intellectual, cultural, technological, and economic developments in medieval Europe from the Norman Conquest to 1300.

Describe the clash between papacy and empire with regards to the development of law.

Identify the growing influence of universities, Roman law, canon law, and Scholasticism.

Describe significant aspects of medieval culture, including architecture. music, art, and literature.

Explain the emergence of a modern economy, the growth of commerce, towns, and a merchant class.

Identify technological and agricultural improvements (e.g., plough, windmills, watermills).

Describe military improvements (e.g., mounted knight and fortifications).

Evaluate the impact of Marco Polo’s travels to India and China.

The student will analyze the significant advancements in Asian and African civilizations from 1000-1500.

Explain the significance of Indian and Chinese civilizations from 1000-1500 (e.g., the expansion of Islam into India, Delhi Sultanate) and political, economic, and cultural aspects of Indo- Persian culture.

Describe the rise and fall of the Mughal Empire, including important political, economic, and cultural aspects of early modern Indian history (e.g., rise and development of the Sikh religion and states, Portuguese maritime hegemony, Mughal rule and persecution of Hindus).

Examine the significant political, economic, and cultural aspects of the history of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties (e.g.,the civil service, Mongol conquest, Construction of the Forbidden City, voyages of Zheng He, Ming political collapse, inventions such as movable-type printing, the cannon, and paper currency).

Examine the influence of the Mali Empire, with attention to the role Timbuktu played in control over West African trade and as a center of culture and learning during the Golden Age of Islam.

The student will analyze the significant changes and legacy of the Late Middle Ages from 1300 to 1450.

Describe internal divisions and impact on the Roman Catholic Church during the Avignon Papacy, the Great Schism, and the subsequent councils.

Explain developments in medieval English legal and constitutional history and their importance in the rise of modern institutions and self-government (e.g., common law, parliament, habeas corpus).

Assess the economic and social effects of the spread of the Black Death on society.

Describe the major events and lasting effects of the Hundred Years War, including the influence of Henry V and Joan of Arc.

Examine the sack of Constantinople in 1453 and its consequences, describing why the event is considered a turning point in medieval history.

The student will analyze why Mesopotamia was the center of major ancient river civilizations.

Locate on a historical map the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, identifying Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria as successive civilizations and explaining why the region is referred to as the Fertile Crescent, including a comparison of major empires (e.g., Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, Israel and Judah, Persian Empire).

Describe the basic religious belief of polytheism, as practiced by Mesopotamian civilizations.

Explain how irrigation, metalsmithing, wage labor, the domestication of animals, and inventions contributed to the growth of Mesopotamian civilizations.

Describe the important achievements of Mesopotamian civilization (e.g., system of writing and its importance in record keeping and tax collection, monumental architecture, relief sculpture, mosaics, state-building).

Assess the influence and legacy of Hammurabi, including the basic principles of justice associated with Hammurabi’s Code.

The student will assess the lasting impact of the ancient Egyptian civilization.

Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean region ancient Nubia and Egypt, including Upper and Lower Egypt.

Identify the social and economic characteristics of ancient Nubia (Kingdom of Kush) including its lucrative trade in iron and gold, military rivalry with Egypt, and assimilation of Egyptian culture.

Explain the role of pharaoh, the concept of dynasties, Egyptian conquests, the relationship of pharaohs to other social classes, and the role of enslaved persons in Egyptian society.

Examine the polytheistic religion of ancient Egypt with respect to beliefs about the afterlife, as well as Akhenaten’s attempt to abandon polytheism.

Summarize important achievements of Egyptian civilization (e.g., agricultural system, invention of a calendar, monumental architecture and art, hieroglyphic writing, the invention of papyrus).

The student demonstrates knowledge of the ancient Levant.

Locate on a map of the ancient Mediterranean world the center of Levantine civilizations and describe the role of Levantine peoples in transmitting Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilization.

Identify the Phoenicians as the successors to the Minoans in dominating maritime trade in the Mediterranean and describe the value of the Phoenician writing system as ancestor of the Latin alphabet.

Describe the Phoenician settlement of Carthage circa 900 BC, the expansion of Carthaginian economic and political power in the Western Mediterranean, Carthaginian colonization, and Carthage’s wars with the Greek city-states.

The student will analyze the roots of Western Civilization in Ancient Israel.

Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean, the kingdoms of the Hittites and ancient Israel.

Trace the Biblical account of Hebrew migrations from Mesopotamia to Canaan and their later sojourn in Egypt, explaining the role of Abraham and Moses, as recorded in the Book of Exodus.

Examine Judaism and its primary beliefs (e.g., monotheism, Ten Commandments, emphasis on ritual, individual worth and responsibility, adherence to moral obligations) and the role of the Hebrew sacred texts.

Describe the Hebrew Bible’s account of the unification of the tribes of Israel under Kings Saul, David, and Solomon, including David’s founding of Jerusalem in 1000 BC and the building of the first temple by Solomon.

Examine the Assyrian and Babylonian conquests of Israel and Judah, the Babylonian Exile, the return to Israel, and the establishment of the Maccabean and Herodian dynasties.

Explain the expulsion/dispersion of the Jews to other lands (Diaspora) after the destruction of the second temple in Jerusalem in AD 70 and the renaming of the region by the Romans.

Explain how Judaism influenced the foundation of Christianity, and how these religions contributed to the foundations of Western Civilization.

The student will analyze the roots of Western Civilization in Ancient Greece.

Locate on a historical map of the Mediterranean area Ancient Greece, tracing the extent of its influence to 300 BC, including the locations and historical significance of architectural sites, such as Knossos, Periclean Athens, the Parthenon, and the Acropolis.

Explain how the geographical location of Athens and other city-states contributed to their role in maritime trade, colonies in the Mediterranean, and the expansion of Greek culture.

Analyze why the government of ancient Athens is considered the beginning of democratic government by explaining the political concepts developed in ancient Greece (e.g., “polis” or city-state, rule of law, liberty, civic participation and voting rights, legislative bodies, and Constitutions) and analyzing the effects of The Athenian Constitution.

Describe the lasting impact of major accomplishments of the ancient Greeks.

Greek institutions: the lyceum, the gymnasium, the Library of Alexandria

Mathematics: Pythagoras and Euclid

Medicine: Hippocrates

Science and Engineering: Archimedes, Ptolemy

History, Poetry, Drama: Herodotus, Homer, Aeschylus

Language: development of a complete alphabet, ancestor of the Latin alphabet.

Analyze the causes, course, and consequences of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, including the significance of Pericles’ Funeral Oration.

Describe the rise of Alexander the Great and the spread of Greek culture, evaluating major contributions of Hellenistic art, philosophy, science, and political thought.

The student will analyze the roots of Western Civilization in the Roman Republic and Empire.

Locate on a historical map ancient Rome, tracing the changing boundaries of the Roman Republic and Empire from 500 BC to 500 AD and explaining how the geographical location of ancient Rome contributed to the expansion of its political power in the Mediterranean region and beyond.

Explain how internal forces (e.g., the rise of autonomous military powers, political corruption, economic and political instability) and external forces (e.g., shrinking trade, attacks, and invasions) led to the disintegration of the Roman Empire.

Describe the Sack of Rome, fall of the Western Roman Empire, and the establishment of Germanic kingdoms (e.g., Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Vandals, Franks, Anglo-Saxon kingdoms).

Explain the contribution of Roman civilization to law, literature, architecture, engineering, and technology, including the spread and influence of the Latin language.

Explain the rise of the Roman Republic and the role of historical figures in Roman history, including Brutus, Cincinnatus, and Hannibal.

Examine the government of the Roman Republic and its contribution to the development of republican self-government (e.g., the concepts of separation of powers, liberty, the rule of law, representative government, civic duty).

Analyze the influence of Greek civilization on Roman art, literature, society, and government.

Describe the collapse of the Roman Republic from the agrarian reform law of Tiberius Gracchus to the establishment of Julius Caesar’s dictatorship.

Examine Julius Caesar’s and Augustus’ transformation of Rome from a republic to an empire.

Explain the reasons for the growth and longevity of the Roman Empire (e.g., military organization, tactics, conquests, functions of taxes, use of a standard currency, road construction, protection of trade routes, benefits of a Pax Romana, network of Roman roads and aqueducts).

Describe the central features of Christianity in ancient Rome (e.g., monotheism, belief and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as the messiah, the influence of the Hebrew Bible on the Christian Old and New Testaments, the influence of the apostle Paul, and the meanings and effects of Jesus of Nazareth’s words as recorded by Matthew).

Examine the early expansion of Christianity, including the relationship of early Christians, Jews, and officials of the Roman Empire, the relationship of Christianity to Greek thought (logos), the effects of state persecution, the impact of the Council of Nicaea, and the significance of the Nicene Creed.

The student will examine the foundations of ancient Indian, Chinese, and African civilizations.

Describe the origins of Indian civilizations such as those of the Indus Valley, the evolution and central principles of Hinduism and the development of early Indian societies and their organizational structures.

Explain the origins and significant aspects of Buddhism, including the life and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the evolution and central principles of Buddhism, and the significance of early Indian Hindu and Buddhist monarchies.

Describe important political, economic, and cultural aspects of Indian history, including the Maurya and Kushan Empires, the Gupta Empire, Golden Age of India, Indian mathematics, and maritime expansion.

Explain the origins of Shintoism and its central feature of ritual practices carried out with discipline to maintain connections with the ancient past.

Examine significant aspects of Confucian philosophy and its role in the continuity of Chinese civilization, focusing on the life and teachings of Confucius, the significance of individual ethics, and maintenance of order, hierarchy, and political power.

Assess the significance and legacy of political, economic, and cultural aspects of the Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties (e.g., unification of China, construction of the Great Wall of China, conquest of southern China, introduction of Buddhism through cultural exchange with India, agriculture and transportation, redistribution systems, and inventions of the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, and printing).

Analyze the emergence of complex, interregional networks of trade throughout Afro-Eurasia and how trade networks led to the diffusion and evolution of ideas, resources, and technologies.

Explain the significance of the Aksum Kingdom to the region of North Africa, including its role as a center for trade between Europe and Asia, its development of written script, and its adoption of Christianity, establishing a legacy in the modern Ethiopian Orthodox Church.

The student will examine characteristics of the Early Middle Ages in Europe from 476 to 1000.

Describe the preservation of Greek and Roman traditions, the Code of Justinian, and the construction of the Church of the Holy Wisdom or Hagia Sophia.

Explain the growth and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church in medieval society, including the significance of Europe’s network of medieval pilgrimage routes, the role of monasteries in preserving the culture of antiquity, and the spread of Christianity to Northern and Eastern Europe.

Examine the founding and central features of Islam (e.g., Muhammad’s visions, the Qur’an, pilgrimage to Mecca, and the concept of monotheism).

Describe the impact and legacy of Islam and the Islamic empire, including discoveries in science and mathematics, and the spread of Islam in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.

Analyze the Latin West following the fall of the Roman Empire.

Explain the structure of feudal society and its economic, political, and social effects, including the differing orders of medieval society.

Describe the rise of Frankish kings, including the roles of Charles Martel, influence of Charlemagne, and the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire.

Trace the rise of Anglo-Saxon England, the Danish invasions, and the influence of Alfred the Great.

Describe Scandinavian raids and conquests (Vikings), explorations (e.g., Iceland, Greenland, Vinland), and state-building (e.g., Normandy, England, Naples, Russia).

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

Analyze the costs and benefits of government policies on economic growth and prosperity, including how political and social goals are sometimes pursued through economic decisions.

The student will develop and apply economic reasoning and decision-making skills.

Define and explain basic economic concepts (e.g., scarcity, surplus, opportunity cost, cost/benefit analysis, risk/reward relationship, incentive, and trade-off) applying them to a variety of economic situations.

Determine appropriate courses of economic actions using a variety of economic reasoning and decision-making models.

Explain how productive resources (natural, human, capital) are necessary for the production of goods and services.

Examine how producers and consumers confront the condition of scarcity by making choices that involve opportunity costs and tradeoffs.

Describe how people respond predictably to positive and negative incentives and how individual choices based on personal subjective preferences cannot be predicted.

Explain how voluntary exchange occurs only when all participating parties expect to benefit with each transaction contributing to overall societal well-being.

The student will identify the potential economic impact of government policy.

Define progressive, proportional, and regressive taxation and explain the effects of each on earners.

Compare fiscal and monetary policy and evaluate the impact each has on the economy.

Explain how changes in federal spending and taxation can affect budget deficits, surpluses, and the national debt.

Describe the organization and functions of the Federal Reserve System, including its congressional mandates (i.e., maximize employment and control inflation) and its expansion to provide financial stability.

Analyze how the Federal Reserve attempts to effectuate price stability, full employment, and economic growth via monetary tools (e.g., changes in the discount rate, reserve requirements, and the money supply).

The student will analyze how trade affects the economies of the world.

Explain the consequences of trade among individuals, regions, and countries by describing that all forms of trade can ultimately be explained as voluntary exchange between individuals.

Define and distinguish between absolute and comparative advantage and explain how most trade occurs because of a comparative advantage in the production of a particular good or service.

Define trade barriers (e.g., tariff, quota) including the difference between balance of trade and balance of payments, explaining why countries sometimes erect barriers to trade, how such barriers affect a country’s economic growth, and assessing arguments for and against free trade.

Explain how exchange rates affect the purchasing power of consumers.

The student will evaluate how societies answer basic economic questions.

Compare the world’s basic economic systems of traditional, market (free enterprise), command, and mixed market economies; identify how these systems attempt to meet the needs of their societies.

Describe the impact of comparative and absolute advantage upon the three basic economic questions: What goods and services to produce? How to produce them? For whom are they produced?

Describe how clearly defined and enforced property rights are essential to a market economy.

The student will explain how prices are set in a market economy and will determine how price provides incentives to buyers and sellers.

Analyze how price and non-price factors affect the demand and supply of goods and services available in the marketplace.

Explain what causes shortages and surpluses (e.g., government-imposed price floors, price ceilings, and other government regulations) and describe their impact on prices and people’s decisions to buy or sell.

Explain ways that firms engage in competition and examine the role of firms in setting prices in a market economy, including administered price theory and the impact of marketing.

Compare the basic characteristics of monopoly, oligopoly, pure competition, and market process.

Evaluate the role of the government within the economy as it relates to defining, establishing, and enforcing property rights.

Explain how competition among many sellers lowers costs and prices and encourages producers to produce more.

Explain how people’s own self-interest, incentives, and disincentives influence market decisions.

The student will describe the role of economic institutions and government in a market economy.

Evaluate the impact of the government's protection of private property rights and enforcement of the rule of law in a market economy.

Describe the purpose, costs, and benefits of government funded services.

Describe how financial institutions, such as banks and credit unions, allow people to pool their incomes and provide future income through investment in stocks.

The student will examine the function and uses of money within the modern economy, including trading, borrowing, and investing.

Explain the emergence and the basic functions of money (e.g., medium of exchange, store of value, unit of account).

Explain how individuals, businesses, and the overall economy benefits from the various uses of money (e.g., trading, borrowing, investing, and diversifying) versus saving money.

The student will evaluate how interest rates impact decisions in the market economy.

Analyze the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates to both the borrower and the lender

Determine how changes in real interest rates impact people’s decisions to borrow money and purchase goods in a market economy.

The student will analyze the role of entrepreneurs and laborers within a market economy.

Evaluate the role of labor and explain the importance of workers to production, including their relationship to entrepreneurs by describing how the earnings of workers are determined by the value of the product/service produced and the workers’ productivity.

Describe how decisions made by an entrepreneur and a laborer affect job opportunities for others (e.g., profit-maximizing level of output, hiring the optimal number of workers, comparing marginal costs and benefits of producing more or less of a resource).

Explain the function of profit in a market economy as an incentive/reward for entrepreneurs’ acceptance of risk.

Analyze the potential risks and gains to entrepreneurs establishing new businesses or inventing a new product.

Evaluate the costs and benefits of incorporation including the expansion of resources and reduction of risks.

The student will examine the impact of the global economy on domestic conditions within the United States economy.

Describe how current economic conditions can be affected by many factors (e.g., unemployment, Consumer Price Index (CPI), individual savings and debt, government debt, government-enforced price ceilings, labor supply, and inflation).

Explain how economic conditions, including supply and demand, have an impact on consumers, producers, and government policymakers.

Explain that prices are signals of relative scarcity and that attempts to control prices may lead to subsequent distortions in supply and demand.

Describe the causes and different types of unemployment, how unemployment is measured, and the impact of unemployment on different sectors of the United States economy.

The student will identify the basic measures of a nation’s economic output and income.

Examine the differences between the nominal and the real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and explain how GDP and GNP (Gross National Product) are used to describe economic output over time by comparing the GDP of various nations representative of market, command, and mixed economic systems.

Describe the impact on the economy when GDP and GNP are growing versus declining.

Evaluate the impact of self-interest, competition, collusion, technological advancement, standard of living, the business cycle, and fluctuation on the GDP.

Identify the characteristics (e.g., divisibility, durability, acceptability, scarcity, portability) and functions (e.g., store of value, unit of account, and medium of exchange) of money.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

Define inflation and determine how it is measured, including the impact inflation has on different sectors of the United States economy.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution on Europe’s economy and society.

Describe the growth of reformist political movements and the growth of radical and revolutionary political movements, including anarchism, socialism, and communism.

Explain the socio-economic ideas of Marx and Engels as outlined in their treatise The Communist Manifesto, including the claim known as “dialectical materialism,” which proposed that history must be viewed through the lens of “class struggles” between “oppressor and oppressed.”

Examine the claim that private enterprise is exploitative and inequality the fault of capitalism.

Analyze the proposition that industrialization and free trade had alienated workers from the fruits of their labors.

Describe the idea that private property is exploitative, based on selfishness, and results in inequality.

Describe Marxist claims related to the individual and religion, by examining the idea that law and morality are mere “bourgeois prejudices” and religion an “opiate of the masses.”

Explain the proposition that violent revolution is needed to overthrow the oppressive classes and abolish exploitative institutions.

Examine the criticisms of the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Explain how violent revolution tends to undermine the rule of law and may empower those more capable of oppression.

Describe how state ownership of means of production, including centralized economic planning, leads to an authoritarian state which restricts individual freedoms.

The student will analyze the history of Communist China in the modern era.

Describe the causes and events of the Tiananmen Square Massacre, including suppression by the Chinese Communist Party and the continuing denial regarding the massacre.

Trace the rise of China to peer competitor with the United States, including the

retirement of Deng Xiaoping following the Tiananmen Square massacre

rise of Jiang Zemin and the introduction of the concept of a Socialist Market Economy

rapid growth of the economy, government debt, dependence on exports, Belt and Road Initiative

continuing internal repression (e.g., Christians, Falun Gong, Hong Kong, Tibet, Xinjiang)

social credit system to monitor the population, denial of access to schools, travel, banks, and other state institutions

exploitation of Western investment in China and scientific, academic, and industrial espionage.

The student will describe the legacy of the Holocaust and antisemitism in the world today.

Describe how Holocaust denial has helped contribute to the creation of contemporary propaganda against the State of Israel and the Jewish people.

Explain why it is important for current and future generations to learn from the Shoah through eye-witness accounts and survivors’ testimony.

Examine how antisemitism may be expressed as hatred toward Jewish people, rhetorical, and physical manifestations directed toward a person, their property, or Jewish community institutions.

The student will examine responses to Communist and socialist political parties prior to the First World War.

Identify political responses to Communist and socialist political parties in Europe, including

Germany’s Social Democratic Party and anti-socialist laws

France’s Paris Commune and the rise of the Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière

United Kingdom’s Labour Party.

Describe the Second International and its efforts to impose Marxist theory on the socialist parties of Europe, the United States, and Japan.

Trace the rise and limited appeal of the Industrial Workers of the World and the Socialist Party in the United States.

Explain the rise of the Mensheviks, Bolsheviks, and Socialist Revolutionaries in Tsarist Russia, the 1905 Revolution, and revolutionary terrorism.

Describe the social reforms that responded to the intellectual and political challenge of communist and socialist parties (e.g., child labor laws, retirement pensions, accident and health insurance, expanded voting rights, establishment of unions, emancipation of Russian serfs).

The student will analyze the effect of World War I on Communist and socialist movements.

Examine the response of communist and socialist leaders and parties in Europe and the United States to changing conditions created by the First World War (e.g., repudiation of nationalism, pacifist movements, the Espionage and Sedition Acts, role of wartime politics, formation of post-World War I national socialism).

Trace the significant events of the Russian Revolution, including the

February Revolution and the Provisional (Kerensky) government

October Revolution, the Bolshevik seizure of power, and the establishment of one-party dictatorship

Civil War, the Red Terror, and the Kronstadt Rebellion

brutal repression (e.g., expropriating private industry, rationing food, mass famine, suppression of strikes, expropriation of the Church, murder of priests)

impact of the beliefs and policies of Vladimir Lenin

formal establishment of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

The student will analyze the origins of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) regime.

Examine German culpability, reparations, and military downsizing as effects of the Treaty of Versailles.

Explain how events during the Weimar Republic led to the rise of Nazism (e.g., Ruhr Crisis, hyperinflation, Great Depression, Dawes Plan, failures of the Weimar Republic).

Analyze how the Nazi regime utilized and built on historical antisemitism to create a common enemy of the Jews in order to gain power.

Trace the significant events that led to Adolf Hitler’s rise to power, including the

Munich Beer Hall Putsch

arrest of Hitler and the writings of Mein Kampf

Reichstag fire

Enabling Act; Concordat of 1933

Night of the Long Knives (Rohm Purge).

Explain how the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and maintained power through totalitarian means, including the

efforts of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Schutzstaffel (SS), the Wehrmacht, and the Gestapo to assist Hitler in gaining and maintaining power

use of various forms of propaganda to indoctrinate the German population

elimination of opposing views through book burnings, censorship, and state control over the media

use of education and youth programs to indoctrinate young people into the Nazi ideology.

The student will explain antisemitic ideology and actions undertaken by Nazi Germany.

Explain the Nazi concept of an Aryan race and how eugenics and pseudoscience racism provided a foundation for Nazi racial beliefs.

Examine how identification, legal, and economic status was used to perpetuate the Nazi ideology of the “Master Race” and target Jews.

Describe how the life of Jews deteriorated under the Third Reich through implementation of the Nuremberg Laws.

Analyze the effects of Kristallnacht and how it became a watershed event in the transition from targeted persecution to open, public violence against Jews.

Describe how Jewish immigration was restricted by various nations and explain how the Kindertransport saved the lives of Jewish children.

Examine the choices and actions of individuals and groups defying Nazi policy at great personal ris

The student will analyze Nazi justification for territorial expansion.

Examine the term “lebensraum” (living space) was an essential piece of Nazi ideology and explain how it led to territorial expansion and invasion.

Analyze Hitler’s use of the Munich Pact to expand German territory and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to ensure the Soviet Union’s neutrality.

Identify Hitler’s motivations for the annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland, as well as the invasion of Poland.

The student will examine the meaning and effects of the Shoah (Jewish Holocaust).

Explain the Shoah (Holocaust) as the planned and systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.

Analyze the international community’s efforts to hold perpetrators responsible for their involvement in the Shoah (Holocaust) including the purpose and outcomes of the Nuremberg Trials as they related to crimes against humanity, genocide, and jurisdictional issues.

Explain the effect of the Eichmann Trial on policy concerning crimes against humanity, capital punishment, accountability, the testimony of survivors, and acknowledgment of the international community.

Explain the effect of Nazi policies on other targeted groups, including Roma-Sinti, Slavs, Jehovah’s Witnesses, political opponents, the physically and mentally disabled, and homosexuals.

Examine the role that bystanders, collaborators and perpetrators played in the implementation of Nazi policies against Jewish people and other targeted groups.

Explain the use of ghettos, including the displacement and deportation of Jews to ghettos, attempts at escape, and forms of resistance, exemplified by the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Explain how corporate complicity aided Nazi goals, including identification and record keeping, and the use of slave labor for war production.

Explain the purpose of the Wannsee Conference and its role in the Final Solution.

Describe the origins, purpose, and conditions associated with various types of camps, including forced labor camps, concentration camps, transit camps, and death camps (e.g., Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sobibor, Treblinka).

Explain how Allied Forces liberated camps, including the relocation and treatment of the survivors.

Examine the settlement patterns of Shoah (Holocaust) survivors after World War II, including immigration to the United States and other countries and the establishment of the modern State of Israel.

The student will trace key events, policies, and experiences of life in the USSR prior to and during World War II.

Examine the political history of interwar Soviet Russia, including the

New Economic Policy

rise of Josef Stalin

collectivization and the First Five Year Plan

Great Terror and the murder of foreign Communists living in the USSR

Describe the domestic policies of interwar Soviet Russia, including the

destruction of individual rights

government seizure of privately owned industry and commerce

requirement of internal passports to control people’s movements

state-mandated atheism and the persecution of priests and religious believers

cult of personality that glorified Stalin

development of the counterintelligence state

GULAG forced labor network

purges of the military officer corps and terror against the citizenry

mass murder of peasants (dekulakization campaign) and genocidal starvation of Ukrainians (Holodomor).

Describe interwar Soviet foreign policy and the effect of World War II, including the

support for foreign communist parties and popular fronts

opposition to reform socialists that catalyzed the rise of fascist governments

support for Chinese Communists

cooperation with Nazi Germany (e.g., Nazi-Soviet pact, Soviet annexations, population deportations, Winter War, Katyn massacre)

war policy (e.g., terror, ethnic cleansing, looting operations in conquered countries, and the occupation of Eastern Europe).

The student will analyze significant events, policies, and experiences of the Cold War.

Examine the USSR’s occupation of Eastern Europe after World War II, including Soviet Communization of Eastern Europe, the coup d’etat in Czechoslovakia, chronic rebellions in the Eastern Bloc (e.g., East German Uprising, Hungarian Uprising, “Prague Spring” in Czechoslovakia, and “Solidarity” in Poland) and neutrality of Finland and Austria.

Examine the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the August Coup (e.g., rise of Boris Yeltsin and the pluralist movement, uprisings in Lithuania and Latvia, Gorbachev’s resignation, dissolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, declarations of independence of the now-former Soviet republics).

Explain the West’s response to communism in the early Cold War, including the policy of containment, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Airlift, formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, escalation of atomic weapons. disarmament movements, and construction of the Berlin Wall.

Trace the rise of communist influence in other regions of the world, including

Communist leadership (e.g., Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Mao Zedong, and Kim Il Sung)

establishment of the North Korean dictatorship

Cuban Missile Crisis

Chinese Revolution (e.g., one-party dictatorship, collectivization, laogai prisons, Hundred Flowers Campaign, and Anti-Rightist Campaign).

China’s genocidal conquest of Tibet, Great Leap Forward, and Cultural Revolution

Deng Xiaoping’s political and economic reforms.

Describe the rise of communism in Vietnam (e.g., successful communist revolt against French colonial rule, Land Reform Terror, Soviet and Chinese support for the North Vietnamese Communist forces, the fall of South Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, and establishment of Cambodia’s genocidal dictatorship under Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge).

Examine the development of communism in the United States, including Soviet coordination of Western communist party tactics, communist front movements, and attempts to infiltrate and co-opt organized labor.

Examine how Marxism evolved after the West’s intellectual disillusionment with Soviet Communism and evaluate the role of Soviet dissidents, such as Boris Pasternak, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, and Vladimir Bukovsky.

Describe the decay and dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, including the effect of the Reagan Doctrine, American support for anti-communists in Afghanistan and Nicaragua, and diplomacy related to the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty).

Examine Gorbachev’s attempt to reform the Soviet Union, including the effects of perestroika and glasnost.

Describe the causes and impact of the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia and the Christmas Revolution in Romania, including the trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will analyze the impact of the patterns of ancient political, economic, and cultural development.

Explain how geographical and environmental factors impacted settlement and cultural development.

Explain different ways in which societies interact across regions (e.g., trade, exploration, colonization) resulting in cultural diffusion (e.g., the Silk Road, Trans-Saharan exchange).

Describe the institution of slavery prior to the 15th century as a widespread result of warfare and economic practices.

Analyze the influence of religious, political, and philosophical ideas on society.

Compare the origins and spread of the world’s major religions and philosophies, including Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, and Sikhism.

Describe ancient Mesopotamia’s Code of Hammurabi as one of the earliest legal codes.

Examine the influence of Judeo-Christian ethics and Mosaic law on early American political and legal systems, as well as modern legal systems.

Explain ancient Athens’ experience with direct democracy and identify modern political principles which developed in ancient Greece (e.g., the city-state, civic participation through voting, law-making bodies).

Evaluate the contributions of the Roman civilization to law and government by describing the Roman Republic’s development of the principle of separation of powers, the concept of civic duty, written laws, and the rule of law.

Compare the impact of Greek and Roman philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle and Cicero including their lasting influence on ideas and principles of government.

Describe the contributions of the Byzantine Empire, including the influence of Constantine on Christianity and the significance of the Justinian Code.

The student will analyze patterns of social, economic, political, and cultural changes during the Late Middle Ages to the Age of Exploration.

Describe the impact of medieval English legal and constitutional practices, as established in the Magna Carta, on the rise of modern democratic principles (e.g., common law, limitation of a monarch’s power, parliament, habeas corpus, and concepts related to the rule of law).

Assess the origins and significance of the Italian Renaissance and the revival of classical learning

Examine intellectual development and advances (e.g., vernacular literature and expanded literacy, the arts, engineering, human anatomy), focusing on the selected historical figures (e.g., Machiavelli, Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael, Erasmus).

Describe how humanism furthered the values of republicanism, liberty, and individualism.

Summarize the causes of and influence of the theological movements of the Reformation and how those movements subsequently transformed society.

Explain reasons for the growing discontent with the Catholic Church, including the main ideas of Martin Luther and John Calvin, and the role of William Tyndale.

Trace the spread of Protestantism across Europe, including Lutherans, Reformed (Calvinist), Church of England, Anabaptists, and the effects on European society (e.g., idea and practice of religious tolerance, Calvinist work ethic).

Explain the purposes and policies of the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Describe tensions between religious and secular authorities and doctrines, including the English Reformation and the consolidation of royal power.

Explain new ways of disseminating information, such as Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press and the translation of the Bible into the vernacular.

Evaluate the legacy of the Scientific Revolution on society, focusing on major theories and discoveries.

Explain how the scientific method and new technologies, such as the telescope and microscope, led to new theories of the universe.

Describe the accomplishments of major figures of the Scientific Revolution (e.g., Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton) as well as the impact of Islamic and Hindu learning on global scholarship and scientific thought.

Analyze migration, settlement patterns, and cultural diffusion caused by a competition among European nations during the Age of Exploration.

Explain the economic and religious motivations that prompted European exploratory expeditions into the Western Hemisphere and describe how these expeditions led to the expansion of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in Latin America.

Examine how the Doctrine of Discovery was used to legitimize European colonization of lands and Indigenous peoples.

Explain how the origins of modern capitalism, mercantilism, and the market economy in Europe impacted international trading patterns, prompting global exploration and rivalry.

Describe the major economic and cultural effects of the Columbian Exchange and explain how the enslavement of Indigenous peoples and Africans was used for the development of colonial economies.

Explain how overseas expansion led to the development of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.

The student will analyze developments in politics, science, and philosophy contributing to human advancement and the rise of modern institutions of self-government.

Compare theories and forms of government regarding sources of authority and legitimacy, including the role of the citizen and the concept of individual liberty.

Distinguish between limited and unlimited forms of government by describing the growing consolidation of political power in Europe manifested in the rise of nation-states and monarchies.

Describe historic and contemporary examples of theocracies, based on the concept that civil affairs should be determined by religious laws and governed by religious leaders.

Examine the Dynastic Cycle (Chinese Mandate of Heaven) by explaining its principle that virtuous rulers are bestowed power from a heavenly mandate, yet subject to rebellion if abusive.

Describe the theory of Absolutism which supports the exercise of unlimited power according to an inherited divine right to rule (e.g., Louis XIV).

Examine rule by enlightened monarchs and how the ideas of the Enlightenment tempered Absolutism (e.g., Joseph II, Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great).

Analyze government's source of authority under a constitutional monarchy by explaining how and why powers are limited by a written or unwritten constitution (e.g., English Parliament).

Explain England’s response to Absolutism in Europe, which influenced American thoughts on self-government.

Identify the causes, essential events, and effects of the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution.

Examine the development of parliamentary sovereignty, constitutional mixed government, and liberty in England, including the importance of the English Bill of Rights and how it limited the power of the monarch.

Describe England’s fiscal, commercial, and technological innovations, including the culture of trade, England’s military success in successive wars with France, and the consequent establishment of a British Empire in North America.

Analyze the impact of the Enlightenment on modern government and economic institutions.

Explain how the major ideas of enlightened philosophy influenced the concepts of natural rights and consent of the governed.

Describe the contributions of major Enlightenment thinkers (e.g., Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau), contrasting the views of Thomas Hobbes regarding the divine right theory.

Examine the origins, meanings, and effects of John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government.

Examine the impact of Adam Smith’s theories, as presented in The Wealth of Nations, on modern economic thought and free enterprise.

The student will analyze the political, economic, and social transformations brought about by the events of the age of revolutions.

Analyze the complex political, social, and economic causes culminating in the French Revolution.

Examine the influence of Enlightenment philosophy, economic conditions, the rising influence of the middle class, and the excesses and corruption of the French monarchy on demands for reform.

Trace the significant events of the French Revolution (e.g., convening of the Estates General, Tennis Court Oath, storming of the Bastille, execution of Louis XVI, Reign of Terror) and analyze the political concepts presented in Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.

Explain the major effects of the French Revolution (e.g., contribution to modern nationalism, political, economic, and cultural debilitation of the Catholic church) and analyze how its support for ideas of popular sovereignty and legal equality served as a model for later revolutions.

Explain how the intellectual thoughts of the American and French Revolutions regarding self-rule inspired revolutionary movements globally, such as democratic revolutions in Haiti, Mexico, and South America.

Describe the legacy of the Napoleonic Wars including an accelerated rise of nationalism across Europe, Britain’s role in maintaining a balance-of-power, and how the Congress of Vienna attempted to establish a new political order in Europe.

Describe the common conditions (widespread protests and demands of working class; poverty and mass starvation) and democratic ideals (e.g., removal of monarchial power, universal suffrage, free press) contributing to the wave of revolutions of 1848, explaining how they set the stage for the emergence of modern nation-states.

The student will analyze the massive social, economic, and cultural change brought about by the Industrial Revolution.

Examine the causes and characteristics of the Industrial Revolution.

Explain how the Industrial Revolution began in England due to its natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and access to capital.

Evaluate the extent to which the Second Agricultural Revolution and innovations in energy, mechanization, and transportation enabled industrialization.

Explain how an entrepreneurial culture led to technological innovations such as the steam engine, railroad, and the application of scientific research to industrial innovation.

Describe the social and economic consequences of industrialization, such as population growth, increased life expectancy, rural to urban migration, harsh living conditions for the urban poor, and growth of the middle class.

Analyze responses to and the legacy of the Industrial Revolution.

Examine how the abolition of slavery within the British Empire was influenced by Christian humanitarianism and examine the role of various antislavery societies, including the work of William Wilberforce.

Explain the rise of trade unionism and the birth of the Labour Party, including the effects of various social and political reforms, such as Liberalism (John Stuart Mill) and modern conservatism (school of Edmund Burke).

Examine the concept of economic interventionism (e.g., economic protectionism, child labor laws, legislation for old age pensions, health insurance).

Describe the rise of socialism, including the ideas and influence of Robert Owen and Karl Marx, as well as the major ideas of Marx and Engels’ The Communist Manifesto.

Describe the European intellectual revolution and the ideal of academic freedom, including leading figures (e.g., Marie Curie, Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel).

Evaluate the impact of industrialization on global imperialism.

Explain the economic, political, and social justifications supporting imperialist ideology and colonialism (e.g., Social Darwinism, economic gain and resources, Christian missions, strategic advantage, and Nationalism).

Describe the consequences of imperialism and the growth of national rivalry in Asia, Africa, and the Americas (e.g., territorial conquests and the development of settler colonies, European investments abroad and imperial reshaping of colonial economies, the exploitation of natural resources, changes in life expectancy, inhumane treatment of Indigenous populations, and the spread of Christianity in Africa and Asia).

Describe the outcomes of the Berlin Conference on Africa’s Indigenous populations and the impact of superimposed boundaries, establishing spheres of influence.

Assess the political, economic, and cultural impact of the British Raj, Britain’s subordination of India, characterized by economic, educational, and infrastructure investments, at the costs of exploitation and self-rule.

Describe important political, economic, and cultural aspects of the decay of the Qing dynasty, including growing Western influence and the Boxer Rebellion.

The student will evaluate the global transformation created by the World Wars.

Analyze the underlying causes and significant events of World War I.

Describe the complex and multiple causes of World War I (e.g., German militarism and arms race, nationalism, industrial and colonial competition) and examine Europe’s alliances affected by the declining power of the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires.

Summarize the significant events of World War I and why the conflict was considered a total war (e.g., use of industrial and chemical weapons, prolonged trench warfare, expansion into a global conflict) with a focus on the war’s significant turning points (e.g., Battles of the Marne, Verdun, the Somme).

Evaluate the lasting effects of World War I.

Describe the economic destruction and unprecedented loss of life, including the Armenian genocide.

Explain post-war political instability (e.g., collapse of the Russian, Ottoman, and Austrian Empires).

Examine the immediate consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, including the “war guilt” clause, the establishment of European mandates and the rise of Zionism, as well as the subsequent rise of regional nationalist movements.

Analyze the causes, consequences, and impact of the Russian Revolution on global politics, social structures, human rights, and economic systems.

Describe the growing political and social unrest under Czar Nicholas II, collapse of the Romanov dynasty, the emergence of the Bolshevik movement, and the Russian Civil War.

Summarize the consequences of Soviet communism, including the establishment of a one-party dictatorship under Lenin, government seizure of private property, and the persecution of religious believers.

Describe Stalin’s rise to power and establishment of a totalitarian regime resulting in the destruction of civil society (e.g., Great Purge’s oppression of political opposition, the destruction of individual rights, use of mass terror against internal enemies, genocidal starvation of the Ukrainians known as the Holodomor).

Analyze the economic, social, and political conditions that resulted in World War II.

Describe the various causes and consequences of the global economic collapse and evaluate how governments responded to the Great Depression, including English and French social welfare legislation, the growth of the mixed economy, and the welfare state.

Explain how violations of the Treaty of Versailles and failure of the League of Nations, including attempts at disarmament and unrealistic expectations of massive reparations, fueled a second global conflict.

Describe the drives for empire in the 1930s by evaluating the economic, social, and political conditions that allowed the rise of fascist militarist regimes in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Japan.

Identify the characteristics of fascism, including how such totalitarian regimes utilized propaganda, repressed dissention, and instigated antisemitism (e.g., Nuremberg Laws in Germany).

Examine the significant events of World War II from a global perspective.

Describe aggression by the Axis powers (e.g., Italy's invasion of Ethiopia; Germany’s militarization, the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939, annexation of Austria, and attack on Poland; Japanese invasion of China, the Nanking Massacre) and the initial responses by the Allied nations.

Compare military campaigns in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific (e.g., Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, siege of Leningrad, Operation Torch, Operation Overlord), identifying Allied military leadership, major strategies, and sacrifices made by soldiers, as well as civilians.

Examine the background, causes, series of events, and effects of the Holocaust.

Trace the roots and long tradition of antisemitism among Christians and 19th century ideas about race and nation.

Describe the National Socialist Party’s (Nazi) seizure of unchecked power, its dehumanization of the Jews and the mass genocide of other victims (e.g., physically disabled, the Roma, homosexuals).

Examine the effects of the Shoah (Jewish Holocaust) through eyewitnesses such as inmates, survivors, liberators, and perpetrators.

Summarize world responses to the Holocaust, including Christian opposition, the Nuremberg Trials, and the move to establish a Jewish homeland.

Describe efforts to avoid the abuse of human rights by examining the intent of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the expansion of the Geneva Conventions.

The student will evaluate post-World War II regional events leading to the transformations of the modern world.

Evaluate the effects of World War II including the origins and escalation of the Cold War.

Explain the major consequences of World War II, including physical and economic destruction, the loss of life, including millions of civilians, the mass expulsion of ethnic minorities, and the devolution of colonial empires.

Compare the ideological, political, and economic distinctions between the United States and Western bloc versus the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Eastern bloc, leading to the division of Europe, separation by an Iron Curtain, and adoption of a policy of containment.

Explain how tensions escalated, fueled by the Berlin Blockade, Suez Canal Crisis, and subsequent uprisings by people in Soviet-dominated satellites (e.g., Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia).

Compare military power shifts caused by the war and a proliferation of nuclear armaments, describing the impact of transnational organizations and alliances (e.g., United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Warsaw Pact) and explaining the goals of the non-alignment movement.

Evaluate ongoing regional disputes of the Middle East.

Describe the creation of the modern State of Israel, including the rationale for its establishment, the Zionist movement, and increased migration of European Jews to the British Mandate for Palestine.

Explain how the attack by Arab states on Israel in 1948 unfolded and how the United Nations’ partitioning of the Palestine Mandate created refugees and contributed to ongoing growing tensions (e.g., Six Day War, Yom Kippur War).

Examine the roots of the ongoing regional instability of the Middle East, including the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, the Iranian Revolution and its establishment of a theocracy, the Iran-Iraq conflict, and the invasion of Kuwait.

Assess the impact of independence movements on self-government in South Asia.

Describe the fall of the British Raj and the emergence of an independent India and Pakistan, including the influence and ideas of Mohandas Gandhi.

Describe the partitioning of India and subsequent international relations (e.g., Indo-Pakistani wars, the Non-Aligned Movement, India’s secular constitution, experiences with socialism, and free-market reforms).

Analyze political and cultural transformations occurring in East and Southeast Asia during the postwar era.

Explain how civil conflicts in Korea and French Indochina became proxy wars between superpowers over the spread of communism.

Describe significant political and economic change in China, including the influence of Sun Yat-Sen and the 1911 nationalist revolution, and examine the consequences of the Chinese Civil War, which resulted in the establishment of a communist regime and the emergence of a free, prosperous, and democratic Taiwan.

Describe the effects of the Chinese Communist Revolution characterized by the repressive economic and social policies of Mao Tse-tung (e.g., Great Leap Forward and mass famine, Cultural Revolution and the terror of the Red Guards).

Explain the significance of pro-democracy movements (e.g., student protest at Tiananmen Square) and economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping, including China’s economic and technological modernization, its growing involvement in world trade, rise in power status, and rivalry with the United States.

Assess the impact of African independence movements on human rights and self-government.

Explain the effects of Pan-Africanism on changing political boundaries.

Describe the struggle for self-government in Ghana, including the influence of Kwame Nkrumah.

Analyze the political, economic, and social context of South Africa’s apartheid system, assessing the role of international pressure and internal resistance in dismantling it, and describing the influence of Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu.

Evaluate the conditions leading to the end of the Cold War.

Analyze the effect of the collapse of the Soviet Union on global power dynamics, including the emergence of new democracies in Eastern Europe.

Examine the goals of Poland’s Solidarity Movement as a broad anti-authoritarian civil resistance which advanced the causes of workers' rights and social change.

Explain the effect of the burdens of Soviet military commitments resulted in the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Explain how the policies of rapid political and economic restructuring under Mikhail Gorbachev, known as perestroika and glasnost, further contributed to the destabilization of the Soviet system and to the eventual breakup of the Soviet Union.

Assess the effect of anticommunist policies of President Reagan, Margaret Thatcher, and Pope John Paul II, as well as Western diplomacy initiated by individuals, such as Willy Brandt, and resistance movements led by individuals, such as Vaclav Havel and Lech Walesa.

Describe European politics since the fall of the Soviet Union, including Eastern Europe’s transitions, the expansion of the European Union and NATO, Brexit, and the re-emergence of Russia as an independent power.

Explain and describe the components of Western Europe’s postwar rise to modern prosperity (e.g., American-led free trade system, scientific, technological, and medical advances, welfare states, the economic recovery and development of Germany, and the mass rise in living standards).

Describe the establishment of the European Union and the continued strength of national loyalties.

Analyze recent threats to global security and regional stability.

Examine the religious, ethnic, and political origins and the lasting effects of ethnic conflict, modern genocide, and atrocities (e.g., Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge, Northern Ireland’s “Troubles”, Rwanda’s civil war, the Balkan’s ethnic cleansing).

Identify conditions that have given rise to international terrorism and the risk of weapons of mass destruction, evaluating responses by governments and societies to such threats.

Describe the challenges and impact of trade and economic interdependence on modern economies.

Describe recent contributions affecting significant changes in contemporary societies in the fields of literature and the arts, as well as in science and technology.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will describe the state’s geography and the historic foundations laid by American Indian, European, and American cultures.

Describe the various physical features of Oklahoma and how the environment, ecological regions, and natural resources can affect human activity, comparing information on historical and contemporary thematic maps.

Explain the significance of the Cooper Bison Kill Site as credible evidence of the early presence of prehistoric Native cultures.

Describe the region as home to well-developed and complex pre-contact societies, such as the Spiro Mound Builders.

Examine the Caddo and Wichita cultures, active in the production and trading of goods using extensive transcontinental, intertribal trade routes prior to European contact.

Compare the goals and significance of early European interactions with Native cultures, such as the benefits of trade, the impact of disease, the transformation of Native life brought about by the arrival of the horse, and new technologies.

Compare cultural perspectives of American Indians and settlers regarding land ownership, social structures (e.g., matrilineal vs. patrilineal), religion, spirituality, and concepts of government.

The student will evaluate the major political and economic events that transformed the land and its people from early contact through Indian Removal and its aftermath.

Analyze the role of early trade centers and transportation to the development and growth of the region, by describing the

impact of mercantile settlements, such as Chouteau’s Trading Post at Three Forks

major trading and peacekeeping goals of military posts (e.g., Fort Gibson, Fort Towson, Fort Washita).

Analyze the consequences of removal of American Indians to present-day Oklahoma.

Explain the motivations which prompted the passage and terms of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and describe efforts of Tribal resistance, including appeals to the Supreme Court (e.g., Marshall Trilogy), the support of missionaries, such as Samuel Worcester, and the positions of Cherokee leadership (e.g., Elias Boudinot, John Ross).

Summarize and describe the process of the establishment of Indian Territory and the experiences of forced removal of southeastern Tribes from their homelands.

Examine the consequences of Indian Removal on intertribal relationships among Tribal groups historically residing in Indian Territory and those relocated there.

The student will evaluate the major political and economic events that transformed the land and its people in the post-Civil War era to statehood.

Examine the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction Treaties on American Indian peoples, territories, and Tribal sovereignty.

Describe the effect of intertribal division based on Tribal support of the Union or Confederacy, as exemplified by Opothleyahola and the Trail of Blood on Ice.

Explain conditions of the Reconstruction Treaties of 1866 (e.g., land cessions, the abolition of slavery, required Tribal enrollment of the Freedman, and the grant of right of way to Congressionally authorized railroad companies).

Summarize the intent of President Grant’s Peace Policy on the displacement of American Indians from their homelands.

Describe the period known as the Second Indian Removal and justifications made for establishing the reservation system, comparing experiences of Tribal Nations.

Examine the purpose for western military posts, such as Fort Sill, and the role of military regiments, such as the Buffalo Soldiers, in implementing Indian policy during the Plains Wars.

Describe the confinement of American Indians to reservations, including the significance of the Massacre at the Washita and explain the impact of the reservation policy.

Explain the significance of the Standing Bear v. Crook decision as it relates to the personhood of American Indians and their rights under federal law.

Evaluate the lasting effect of early industries on economic growth.

Describe the economic and environmental effects of commercial extraction of Indian Territory's coal deposits on the development of regional communities, including the role of entrepreneur James J. McAlester.

Explain the necessity of cattle trails and factors contributing to the cattle industry becoming vital to the economy of the state, including the associated development of railroad lines and major transportation routes.

Examine the origins and changing perceptions of the American cowboy culture (e.g., dime novels, artwork, motion pictures) versus the reality of the profession and today's image of the West.

Analyze the influence of the idea of Manifest Destiny on migrations into present-day Oklahoma.

Explain opportunities provided by the Homestead Act of 1862 and its impact on mass migration to the region.

Analyze the goals, strategies, and escalated tension created by the Boomer Movement under the leadership of David Payne.

Examine Tribal responses to increased emigration, featured by calls for unified action through intertribal councils, lobbying efforts, and court challenges.

Describe the establishment of all-Black towns and the extent to which they provided economic opportunities, political independence, and escape from discrimination.

Explain how American Indians experienced decreasing control over Tribal lands through congressional action.

Compare multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act of 1877 (General Allotment Act) which resulted in the loss of Tribal communal lands through a transfer to individual property.

Describe the intent and effects of the Indian Appropriations Act and methods (e.g., land runs, lotteries) used for the redistribution of lands, such as the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet.

The student will analyze significant issues encountered on the path to statehood.

Describe the effects of the Curtis Act of 1898 and evaluate the outcome of the Indian-led movement to secure a separate statehood for Indian Territory, summarizing major features of the proposed state of Sequoyah’s constitution.

Examine the continued migration of African Americans to the region and describe the outcome of a proposed all-Black state, as advocated by Edward McCabe.

Explain how the Organic Act of 1890 and Enabling Act paved the way for the admission of Oklahoma and Indian territories into the Union as a single state.

Examine the influence of the national Progressive Movement and local social reformers, such as Kate Barnard, on the state constitutional convention regarding accountable government, child labor, public education, and prohibition.

Trace the final steps toward statehood from the adoption of the Oklahoma constitution by a vote of the people to presidential proclamation on November 16, 1907.

The student will evaluate the constitutional powers exercised by the state government and the role of the Oklahoma citizen.

Describe the purpose of the Oklahoma Constitution, its key principles, and its relationship to the Constitution of the United States.

Identify the responsibilities of state government by analyzing the Preamble to the Oklahoma State Constitution.

Compare the structure of state government to the national system of three branches with similar functions and powers.

Identify the requirements, terms of office, and duties for major elected and appointed state officials in each branch of state government, including county officials, school board members, and city officials.

Examine powers exercised by the state government to meet the needs of its citizens, using examples from history and the modern era.

Explain how the state Constitution protects the rights of citizens by comparing the Oklahoma Constitution’s Article II (Bill of Rights) to key features of the United States Bill of Rights.

Trace the steps necessary for a bill to become a law in Oklahoma, including multiple opportunities for citizens to be involved in the process.

Describe the American system of federalism as it relates to the division, function, and sharing of powers among levels of government, using historical examples and including Tribal relationships to the state government.

Examine how the Oklahoma State Constitution includes several provisions to promote democratic participation by citizens, such as

the direct primary, initiative petition, and referendum (including the power to recall government officials in some local jurisdictions)

the regulations and processes for registering to vote and participating in state elections.

Identify major sources of local, state, and Tribal revenues (e.g., sales tax, income tax, gaming) and services provided including education, health and human services, transportation, courts, corrections, and public safety.

The student will examine Oklahoma’s political, economic, and social history regarding race during the early decades following statehood.

Examine how the oil industry affected major sectors of employment and the development of communities, including the role of entrepreneurs (e.g., Frank Phillips, E.W. Marland, Thomas Gilcrease) and the designation of Tulsa as the “Oil Capital of the World.”

Examine government policies impacting American Indian identity, culture, economy, Tribal government, and sovereignty.

Analyze the effects of federal policy to assimilate Native children through the establishment of Indian boarding schools (e.g., Riverside Indian School, Chilocco Indian Agricultural School).

Examine the judicial decision of Dorothy Sunrise v. Cache Consolidated School District regarding integrated access to public education by American Indians.

Explain the justification for passage of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and the concept of dual citizenship.

Examine the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ guardianship of American Indian resources, lands, trust accounts and head rights, exemplified by the Osage Allotment Act and exploitation of Osage mineral wealth.

Identify the intent of the Indian Relocation Act as it relates to vocational training and assimilation policies, as well as its effect on Tribal communities.

Explain the impact of the Code of Indian Offenses of 1883 on Tribal religious and cultural practices.

Examine the evolution of race relations in Oklahoma.

Analyze the intent and effect of Jim Crow laws initiated by the passage of Senate Bill 1.

Explain the outcome of Oklahoma’s attempt to restrict suffrage rights through the grandfather clause (Guinn v. United States).

Describe the continued growth of African American communities, including the emergence of “Black Wall Street” in Tulsa’s Greenwood District

Examine the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and its involvement in acts of intimidation and violence, including responses such as the Anti-Mask Law of 1923.

Analyze the causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre, including its continued social and economic impact.

Summarize Oklahoma’s role in World War I, including agricultural exports and the contributions of Oklahoma armed forces and military units, such as the Choctaw code talkers.

Examine how agricultural conditions were a precursor to the Great Depression by describing the boom-and-bust cycle of Oklahoma’s agricultural output to meet the needs of World War I followed by post-war overproduction.

The student will examine the challenges and accomplishments of Oklahomans as they encountered periods of economic depression and engagement in world conflict.

Identify economic conditions occurring nationally and within the state which contributed to the Great Depression and were characterized by mass unemployment and human suffering.

Describe the environmental devastation known as the Dust Bowl by analyzing the impact of environmental conditions and human mismanagement of natural resources which resulted in the migration of the “Okies.”

Examine the effects of the Great Depression on Oklahomans and evaluate the effectiveness of governmental response.

Summarize policies of Governor William H. Murray which impacted the goals of the New Deal in Oklahoma.

Describe New Deal programs and projects (e.g., Agricultural Adjustment Act, Tennessee Valley Authority, Works Progress Administration, Civilian Conservation Corps) which addressed specific needs of Oklahomans in both employment and the conservation of natural resources.

Analyze how various segments of Oklahoma’s economy and society, such as agriculture, mining, and state politics, were influenced by organized labor and socialist movements.

Describe the changing relations between the federal government and American Indian Nations as influenced by the Meriam Report and reflected in the Indian Reorganization Act (“Indian New Deal”) and the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act, including consequences on Tribal government and sovereignty.

Describe the contributions of Oklahomans, including the political and social commentaries of Will Rogers and Woody Guthrie, Wiley Post’s aviation milestones, the artwork of the Kiowa Six, and African American jazz musicians.

Summarize and analyze the impact of Oklahoma’s mobilization and engagement in World War II including

establishment of military bases and prisoner of war installations

contributions of military personnel and specifical units to the war effort, including the American Indian Code Talkers and the 45th Infantry Division.

The student will investigate how post-war social, political, and economic events continued to transform the state of Oklahoma from the 1950s through the present.

Evaluate the progress of the Civil Rights Movement in Oklahoma by describing the goals, strategies, and accomplishments toward equality.

Examine judicial interpretation of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

Describe issues and decisions of the landmark Supreme Court cases of Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma and McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents for Higher Education.

Assess the leadership of Governor Raymond Gary in the integration of the public common and higher education systems.

Explain the strategy and effectiveness of nonviolent lunch-counter sit-ins, such as those organized by Clara Luper, local churches, and the NAACP.

Examine the consequences of Tulsa Public School’s voluntary desegregation initiated at Booker T. Washington High School.

Analyze the impact of growth in various sectors of the state economy.

Describe the value of agribusiness to the state economy, producing commodities, such as wheat and livestock for the nation, and examine water use issues impacting agribusiness.

Examine the development of defense-related, aerospace, and aviation industries (e.g., Fort Sill, Tinker Air Force Base, FAA, weather research and national disaster preparedness).

Analyze recent oil and gas boom-and-bust cycles, such as new discoveries in the Anadarko Basin and the growth of alternative energy sources, such as wind power.

Describe the state’s connection to international trade through construction of transportation infrastructures (e.g., interstate highway system, McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System).

Evaluate the impact of tourism as an industry, boosted by the construction of Route 66, state parks, and museums.

Examine the growth of Tribal enterprises, their effects on the state’s economy and on the financial stability of American Indian Nations, including examples of state and Tribal cooperation (e.g., gaming compacts, cross-deputization agreements).

Identify the causes and consequences of rural to urban to suburban migration, as well as urban renewal efforts (e.g., Oklahoma City’s MAPS Project).

Analyze the evolving relationship between the state and Oklahoma’s thirty-nine Tribal government

Identify the relative location of Oklahoma’s Tribal Nations and their jurisdiction.

Explain how Tribal governments are established under various constitution-based or traditional structures, operating as sovereign nations whose citizens select their own officials.

Describe Tribal authority to enact and enforce laws, manage judicial systems, lands and natural resources, education, and other programs for Tribal citizens.

Identify how legislative actions have impacted American Indian Nations (e.g., Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, American Indian Religious Freedom Act, Johnson-O'Malley Program).

Examine judicial decisions related to issues of sovereignty and jurisdiction (e.g., McGirt v. Oklahoma, Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta).

Explain the importance of Tribal efforts to preserve Native history, cultures and languages, including the intent and consequences of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.

Summarize the contributions of Oklahoma leadership in a changing political environment.

Identify the contributions of contemporary politicians and public servants (e.g., Speaker Carl Albert, Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick, Principal Chief Wilma Mankiller, educators and historians Eddie Faye Gates, Angie Debo).

Describe trends in political realignment from preponderance of the Democratic Party following the Great Depression to the emergence of the Republican Party, exemplified by the election of Governor Henry Bellmon.

Analyze Oklahoma’s response to acts of domestic terrorism.

Identify the effects of the domestic terrorist attack on the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.

Describe the volunteerism and heroism of responding Oklahomans, exhibiting the “Oklahoma Standard.”

Examine the purpose of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and how it continues to fulfill its mission of remembrance and education.

Examine recent contributions by Oklahomans to the public’s quality of life.

Describe migrations of recent cultural and ethnic groups to Oklahoma and their impact on the social and economic transformation of the modern state.

Analyze the influence of Oklahomans in various fields, such as the arts, literature, and sports (e.g., Ralph Ellison, Jim Thorpe, Bill Mauldin, the Five Moons [Indian Ballerinas], Allan Houser, N. Scott Momaday, Reba McIntire, Joy Harjo, Te Ata).

Explain changing perceptions, both internal and external, of the state and its citizens, comparing the images from Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath, to the musical Oklahoma!, and the Oklahoma City Thunder.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

The student will examine the foundations of psychology and its origins as an empirical science.

Analyze the context and origins of psychology including the major approaches to psychology (e.g., cognitive-behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive) including major historical figures.

Describe the classifications and various subfields in psychology, including vocational applications such as counseling, industrial, clinical, experimental, and educational psychology.

Compare the appropriate application of experimental and non-experimental research methodologies (e.g., case study, correlation, meta-analysis, and naturalistic observation).

Identify and evaluate psychological concepts in representations of data, including tables, graphs, charts, figures, and diagrams.

Compare quantitative and qualitative research strategies including experiments, surveys, focus groups, and narratives as the foundation of research in psychology.

The student will investigate the structure, biochemistry, and circuitry of the brain and the nervous system to understand their roles in affecting behavior.

Identify and describe the structure and function of major brain systems, including the major parts of the brainstem, limbic system and cerebral cortex.

Identify the parts of a neuron and explain how the process of neural transmission affects behavior and mental processes.

Explain the processes of sensation, including the structures and functions of visual, auditory, kinesthetic/vestibular, and chemical sensory systems.

The student will describe physical, cognitive, social- emotional, and language development from conception through the latter stages of adulthood.

Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in human development including the role of the brain in all aspects of development.

Describe the theories of Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Erik Erikson regarding human development.

Explain the social, cognitive and neurological factors in learning.

Identify and explain the major theories of learning including classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning theory, and insight learning.

Describe the process, organization, and factors that influence encoding, storing, retrieving and forgetting memories.

The student will understand the principles of motivation and emotion.

Explain how theories of motivation and emotion apply to behavior and mental processes.

Compare the predominant theories of motivation including drive-reduction, self-determination, instinct, conflicts, and sensation-seeking.

The student will examine how psychological disorders are diagnosed, classified, and treated.

Examine how psychologists use integrated approaches and evidence-based practices to understand and treat psychological disorders.

Describe the symptoms and possible causes of categories of mental disorders, including neurodevelopmental, schizophrenic spectrum, depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, dissociative, trauma/stressor-related, eating, and personality disorders.

Describe the research and trends in the treatment of psychological disorders.

The student will evaluate the many factors that promote mental health.

Identify and explain potential sources of stress, effects of stress, and various coping strategies for dealing with stress.

Explain how physical, psychological, and social factors combine to promote overall health and well- being.

Examine the influence of the social situation on individual behavior and mental processes, including persuasion, conformity and obedience.

Explain how biological, cognitive, environmental, and social factors can produce or influence emotional states, and how positive or negative emotions can affect thinking and action.

Explain how positive psychology approaches mental health, identifying factors that lead to well-being, including resilience, positive emotions and expressing gratitude.

The student will explain the sociological perspective and identify sociology as a scientific field of inquiry.

Describe the development of the field of sociology as a social science, including the contributions of leading theorists within sociology.

Identify, differentiate among, and apply the major sociological theories (e.g., functionalist perspective, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism).

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the major methods of sociological research, including surveys and interviews, experiments, observations, content analysis, and research ethics.

Apply the scientific method of inquiry on the study of society, including developing a hypothesis, and identifying independent and dependent variables.

The student will examine the influence of culture and the way cultural transmission is accomplished.

Describe culture and the components of culture, including norms and values, material and non-material culture, and explain the ways culture influences individuals.

Explain the process of the social construction of the self and analyze how culture influences individuals, groups, and subcultures.

Students will examine the social construction of groups and their impact on individuals.

Describe the process of socialization, examining how social groups are composed and why individuals become members of or associate with different social groups.

Describe various subcultures and countercultures and explain their influence according to sociological perspectives.

Analyze how culture influences individuals, including the mechanisms of ethnocentrism, cultural relativity, and culture shock.

Identify aspects of social structure, including social class, social status and roles, as well as their influences on individuals and groups.

Describe status as a component of social structure, including status sets, ascribed and achieved statuses, status symbols and master status.

The student will analyze the effects of social institutions on group behavior over the life course of individuals.

Evaluate the characteristics of primary and secondary groups, including their influence over the behavior, attitudes, and values of their members.

Identify various reference groups and explain how they are used by individuals to evaluate themselves.

Examine the influence of major social institutions, including family, education, religion, and the media.

Examine the benefits of belonging to social groups, as well as the power of social groups over behavior and attitudes.

Explain how and why social institutions and cultures change over time.

The student will analyze social problems that affect large numbers of people within a social system.

Analyze patterns of social stratification and their effects on individuals and groups.

Describe social problems and distinguish between characteristics of a social problem versus an individual problem.

Analyze patterns of behavior found within social problems and their implications for society (e.g., juvenile crime, long-term unemployment).

Examine the extent to which individual and group responses influence potential resolutions to social problems.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

The student will compare the formation of contemporary governments in terms of access, use, and justification of power.

Examine the purposes and functions of government including the establishment of sovereignty, the guarantee of law and order, and the preservation of liberty.

Analyze the essential characteristics of limited versus unlimited systems of government.

Compare historic and contemporary examples of unlimited systems of governments (e.g., monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, autocracy) to examples of limited systems (e.g., direct democracy, representative democracy, constitutional monarchy).

Identify common characteristics of representative democracies (e.g., idea of natural rights and liberties, the rule of law, equality of all citizens under the law, majority rule with minority rights, the necessity of compromise).

Examine the founding principles of the American republic.

Explain the principle of popular sovereignty which asserts that governments are created and sustained by the consent of the people who are the legitimate source of all political authority.

Analyze how the United States government reflects both a democracy and a republic.

Explain how the Constitution of the United States reflects a balance between a concern for the public good and a concern for the protection of individual rights.

Describe how the Constitution of the United States was influenced by religion, morality, and the Bible as a frequently cited authority by America's founders.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of ways in which governmental power can be distributed.

Describe the structures of unitary, federal, and confederal systems, including contemporary examples.

Compare the structure and advantages of presidential versus parliamentary systems.

Compare structural differences in terms of effectiveness, prevention of abusive power, and responsiveness to the common good.

Examine the role of government in a nation’s economy.

Compare the role of government in market versus command economic systems.

Describe the American government’s limited but significant role in free enterprise, including the promotion of competition, protection of private property and consumer rights, enforcement of contracts, and access to public goods and services.

Examine how government policies in a market system can be used to stabilize and stimulate economic growth.

The student will describe the historical and philosophical foundations of the republican system of government in the United States.

Evaluate the extent to which historical ideals and principles of human nature and authority have shaped America as a constitutional republic.

Summarize the influence of ancient Athenian and Roman experiences with democracy and republicanism on the principles and framing of the Constitution.

Summarize Judeo-Christian concepts of ethics and government as the basis for American civilization and law, as exemplified by the influence of the Ten Commandments on American judicial decisions.

Analyze the influence of historic documents regarding the concepts of limited government and popular sovereignty, including the Magna Carta and the Mayflower Compact.

Analyze colonial-era ideas on liberty, the practice of self-government, and the influence of religious thought on influential documents (e.g., Massachusetts Body of Liberties, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom).

Describe how Enlightenment philosophy and thinkers (e.g., Locke, Montesquieu) contributed to the concept of a “social contract” and the existence of natural, inalienable rights, including life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Examine the Declaration of Independence and its grievances to explain the principle of self-rule as exercised through representative government based on the consent of the governed.

Compare points of view toward the structure and powers of government as expressed during debates over ratification of the Constitution.

Explain the general features of the Constitution as outlined by Alexander Hamilton in Federalist Paper No.1 and by James Madison in Federalist Paper No.10.

Compare concerns regarding centralized government as expressed in essays by the Anti-Federalists, such as Brutus Essay 1 and George Mason’s concerns regarding the lack of a national bill of rights.

Explain concerns the Founders expressed regarding democracy.

Consider ways in which the Federalist and the Anti-Federalist debates about the nature and extent of government continue through American history.

The student will analyze the fundamental principles of the American republic, as established in the Constitution of the United States.

Evaluate the necessity of a written constitution.

Identify and describe the purposes for government as stated by the Framers in the Preamble to the Constitution of the United States.

Analyze how the Constitution of the United States safeguards against authoritarianism by establishing enumerated powers, organizing government, and distributing powers among separate branches of government, the states, and the people.

Explain why states have written constitutions and explain the relationship of state constitutions to the national constitution, including the guarantee “to every State in the Union a Republican form of Government” (Article IV, Section 4).

Examine how the Constitution may be considered a “living document” due to its clearly defined and intentionally rigorous amendment process, which requires super-majorities at both state and federal participation.

Analyze how the Framers designed a system of separated powers to prevent the concentration and potential abuse of power.

Describe the concept of separation of powers by explaining how the national government is divided into branches according to three basic functions: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Compare the scope of the powers vested to the Executive Branch (Article I) and Legislative Branch (Article II).

Examine the necessity of a system of checks on government authority as explained by Madison in

Federalist Paper No.51 and reflected by the claim “Ambition must be made to counter ambition.”

Explain how the checks and balances system provides each branch of government with individual powers to affect other branches, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Examine historic and contemporary examples of the system of checks and balances to illustrate the intent of the Framers and evaluate the effectiveness of the system.

Analyze the American system of federalism as established by the Constitution.

Define and identify the enumerated (expressed) powers found in Article I.

Describe how the “general welfare” clause and “necessary and proper” clause have empowered Congress with implied powers.

Identify powers denied to the national government versus those reserved to the states.

Describe the reasons why the Framers established concurrent powers, comparing examples exercised by both the national and state governments.

Explain how the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes the Constitution and federal laws or treaties as the “supreme Law of the Land.”

Evaluate changes that have occurred in the relationship between the states and the national government over time (e.g., cooperative federalism versus new federalism/devolution).

Summarize and explain the relationships and responsibilities among government jurisdictions.

Explain how local, state, national, and Tribal governments are involved in cooperatively shaping public policy and responding to public policy issues.

Compare specific functions, organizations, and purposes of local and state governments, such as ensuring personal security and health regulations.

Explain the differences among the types of local governments in Oklahoma (e.g., county, city) as well as their operational relationship with the state government.

Describe how some state constitutions, such as Oklahoma’s, provide for more direct public involvement in the legislative process through such provisions as the initiative and referendum.

Analyze Tribal sovereignty, defined as a Tribal Nation’s inherent power to self-govern.

Examine how the Commerce Clause established the initial nation-to-nation relationship between American Indian Tribes and the United States government, explaining how American Indian sovereignty predates the sovereignty of the United States.

Describe American Indian Tribes as self-governing entities engaged in a trust relationship which establishes a legally enforceable fiduciary obligation on the part of the United States to protect Tribal treaty rights, lands, assets, and resources.

Describe the evolution of Tribal jurisdiction over time, as a result of legislation (e.g., the Indian Reorganization Act, Major Crimes Act, Indian Child Welfare Act, American Indian Religious Freedom Act, Indian Gaming Regulatory Act) and Supreme Court decisions (e.g., McGirt v. Oklahoma, Haaland vs. Brackeen).

The student will compare the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the American government as they address the needs of the public.

Describe the scope and powers of the legislative branch of the federal government as delineated in Article I of the Constitution.

Compare the composition of the United States House of Representatives to the United States Senate.

Identify the constitutional qualifications, terms of office, and compensation for members of the United States Congress, including changes created by passage of the 17th and 27th Amendments, as well as reasons which prompted such changes.

Explain why the Framers established a bicameral legislative body and how the House of Representatives functions differently from the Senate.

Identify the leadership roles of the Speaker of the House, the Senate President Pro Tempore, and majority and minority leaders, including the responsibilities of major congressional committees.

Describe the scope and powers of the executive branch as delineated in Article II of the Constitution.

Identify the constitutional qualifications, term of office, and impeachment process for the President of the United States, including the impact of the 12th, 20th, 22nd, and 25th Amendments.

Compare the original intent of the Chief Executive's roles as described by Hamilton in Federalist Paper No.69 to the modern presidency.

Describe the function of executive departments and the federal bureaucracy, including the role of the President’s Cabinet.

Examine the purpose of independent regulatory agencies (e.g., Federal Reserve, Securities and Exchange Commission).

Describe the growth of federal agencies during the 20th century, analyzing the constitutional and statutory bases for the delegation of powers to departments or agencies of the executive branch.

Explain the steps of the legislative process, including the role of Congress, the President, and special interests, using examples from contemporary policy making and evaluating how the process reflects democratic principles of American constitutional government.

Describe the scope and powers of the federal judiciary as delineated in Article III of the Constitutio

Explain the length of terms, selection and confirmation process, jurisdiction, and process for the removal of Supreme Court justices.

Examine the Framers’ intent regarding the judiciary’s authority, including the principle of judicial review, as described by Hamilton in Federalist Paper No.78 and established in Marbury v. Madison.

Examine the role of district courts, the courts of appeals, and the Supreme Court in the judicial review process.

Explain the importance of an independent judicial system as integral to the interpretation and defense of citizens’ rights and liberties.

The student will analyze factors affecting the political process at the local, state, and national levels of government.

Analyze how citizens participate in American self-government by voting in public elections and describe factors that affect voter turnout, trends in voter turnout, and attempts to increase voter participation.

Identify the functions of political parties in elections and government at the national and state levels, by comparing political platforms of major contemporary political parties and describing how political parties influence both policymaking and the election of like-minded candidates to public office.

Trace the steps of the electoral process, including the roles of state caucuses and primaries, national conventions, and campaigns.

Describe the function and impact of political action committees on state and national elections, analyzing issues and decisions of significant court cases, such as Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission.

Explain the function of the Electoral College, identifying different methods in which presidential electors are determined (e.g., split electoral vote versus winner-take-all).

Examine ongoing challenges to the election process, including redistricting and the practice of gerrymandering.

Describe the impact of the mass media on the political process, including the effects of media bias and issues related to public opinion polls.

Explain how freedom of expression and thought is an essential element of democracy by examining historic landmark Supreme Court decisions which have addressed and clarified individual rights under the First Amendment (e.g., Gitlow v. New York, Brandenburg v. Ohio, New York Times v. United States, and Texas v. Johnson).

The student will explain how the Constitution of the United States preserves the equal protection of rights and liberties.

Evaluate the importance of the rule of law as the principle that all citizens and institutions are to be accountable to the same laws and consequences.

Explain how the Constitution of the United States provides majority rule with equal protection for the rights of individuals, including those of the minority.

Examine the traditions and historical documents which have contributed to the American concepts of rights, liberties (e.g., English Bill of Rights, Virginia Declaration of Rights, Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom).

Analyze the civil rights and civil liberties affirmed and guaranteed by the Bill of Rights.

Explain how individual liberties are essential to the functioning of the American democratic society.

Examine how liberty and private property generate broad-based opportunity and prosperity in the United States.

Identify basic rights, liberties, and protections of due process protected by the Bill of Rights and subsequent constitutional amendments.

Explain how the Bill of Rights protects individuals from abuse by the national government and the extent it has been applied to the states through the doctrine of selective incorporation established by the 14th Amendment.

Describe the concept of American exceptionalism, which claims the United States has been uniquely exemplary (e.g., stability, realizations of liberty and civil equality, prosperity, innovation).

Analyze how the First Amendment has been used to protect religious freedom through Supreme Court decisions (e.g., West Virginia v. Barnette, Engel v. Vitale, Minersville School District v. Kennedy v. Bremerton School District).

Explain why due process rights are essential for the protection of individual rights and the maintenance of limited government by examining landmark Supreme Court cases which have specified due process rights over time (e.g., Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, and Furman v. Georgia).

Describe how significant issues in American society have been addressed by examining landmark decisions (e.g., Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, McDonald v. City of Chicago, and Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health).

The student will analyze the processes and implementation of public policy in the United States.

Explain how domestic policy is developed and implemented.

Identify and explain powers that the United States Constitution grants to the President and Congress to develop and carry out domestic policy.

Trace the budget process, including the impact of government shutdowns and risks from the national debt, explaining how economic trade-offs occur when addressing competing public needs.

Identify the types and purposes of taxation that are used by local, state, and federal governments to fund public services.

Examine theories related to the government's influence on the stability and growth of the economy, such as fiscal and monetary policy.

Evaluate the role of the national government in formulating and carrying out foreign policy.

Explain different ways nations pursue their self-interests abroad, such as philosophies of isolationism versus internationalism.

Explain why and how the United States pursues its national interest and to what extent the pursuit of national interest harmonizes with the pursuit of American ideals.

Identify and explain powers that the Constitution gives to the President and Congress to conduct foreign affairs.

Describe the tools used to carry out United States foreign policy, including diplomacy, economic aid, military aid, humanitarian aid, treaties, sanctions, and military intervention.

Explain the government’s role regarding national defense, trade, and humanitarian efforts by examining contemporary commitments to international organizations and alliances.

The student will be able to evaluate the significance of civic participation in order to ensure the preservation of constitutional government.

Explain the constitutional and legal provisions that establish and affect citizenship, including provisions of the 14th Amendment, the naturalization process, and the concept of dual citizenship as it applies to Tribal citizens.

Define civic virtue and explain the individual’s duty and responsibility to participate in civic life.

Distinguish among the civic life (public affairs), political life (the means of influencing government), and private life of citizens.

Examine how components of civil society (e.g., active communities, individual self-reliance, ethics, religion) contribute to the maintenance of limited government in a representative and democratic republic.

Explain how civic virtue and a shared American civic identity are achieved through the deliberation about the meaning and application of our Founding documents.

Describe the right to vote as a cornerstone of a representative democracy and the most direct way for citizens to participate in the government.

Examine other political rights and responsibilities of citizens, including registering to vote, running for office, serving on juries, and participating in political campaigns.

Identify responsibilities of both citizens and residents of the United States, including obedience of the law, registration for the selective service, and payment of state and federal taxes prior to the annual deadline.

Analyze how our system of government provides citizens with opportunities to monitor and influence government and hold elected officials accountable.

Explain how the Constitution protects citizens' ability to engage in informed public discourse as a means to monitor government officials and institutions.

Identify legal methods to advocate and influence policy (e.g., voting, peaceful protests, petitioning, contacting government officials).

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will analyze the transformation of the United States through its civil rights struggles, immigrant experiences, and settlement of the American West during the Post Civil War Era.

Explain the constitutional issues that arose in the post-Civil War era.

Summarize the fundamental principles of the American representative democracy and how events of the post-war era affected the Constitution’s balance of the public good with the protection of individual rights.

Analyze the Constitution’s concepts of federalism, separation of powers, and the system of checks and balances to changing relationships in American politics as the nation rebuilt following the Civil War.

Examine the meanings and effects of the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments) and the Civil Rights Act of 1867, assessing the extent to which each enabled social, political, and economic change.

Analyze the post-Reconstruction civil rights struggles.

Identify the significance of Juneteenth in relation to emancipation and modern-day commemorations.

Explain the reasons for adoption of Black Codes immediately following the Civil War and their limitations on economic opportunities and property ownership.

Describe how some Southerners responded to change brought about by Reconstruction, including the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, its methods of intimidation such as lynching, and the effect of Jim Crow laws aimed at establishing segregation.

Analyze the impact of immigration on settlement patterns in American society and economic growt

Summarize the reasons for immigration and the immigrant experiences of Southern Europeans, Eastern Europeans, and East Asians at processing centers such as Ellis Island and Angel Island.

Describe the Americanization programs which sought to integrate and assimilate immigrants (e.g., political party machines, Tammany Hall) through instruction in English and the American system of government.

Examine the rise and motivations of Nativism against a new wave of Eastern European immigrants.

Describe the contributions of Chinese immigrants to the national economy and nativist opposition to their continued immigration.

Explain changes in federal immigration policy including the Chinese Exclusion Act, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the Supreme Court’s application of the 14th Amendment.

Analyze the causes and effects of the continuing westward migration and territorial growth after the Civil War.

Explain the impact of the Homestead Act, the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad, and the purchase of Alaska on settlement patterns and Native populations.

Describe Grant’s Peace Policy including the establishment of reservations and the use of religious organizations to assimilate American Indians through religious instruction and agricultural training.

Examine American Indian perspectives on westward expansion and the end of the Indian Wars at Wounded Knee, as expressed by such leaders as Red Cloud, Quanah Parker, and Chief Joseph.

Describe the intent and effects of assimilation policies including the impact of Indian boarding schools on Native culture, identity, and economic outcomes over time.

Evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act on Tribal sovereignty and land ownership.

The student will analyze the social, economic, and political changes that occurred during the American Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, and reform movements.

Evaluate the transformation of American society, economy, politics, and culture during the American Industrial Revolution.

Explain how the United States was transformed from an agrarian to an increasingly industrial, urbanized society and how this transformation created both new economic opportunities, as well as societal problems.

Describe the changing role of the American farmer, including the establishment of the Granger movement.

Analyze the impact of capitalism and laissez-faire policy on business practices, such as monopolies, the characterization of “robber barons” and the role of industrialists in economic growth, as well as philanthropy (e.g., Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie, including his Gospel of Wealth essay) on society.

Identify the impact of new inventions and industrial production methods on the growth of the American economy and standard of living (e.g., technologies developed by Thomas Edison, Alexander G. Bell, Henry Ford, and the Bessemer Process).

Examine the complex conditions that characterized the Gilded Age (e.g., rapidly expanding economy, growing middle class and the influence of mass culture, concentration of wealth, corrupt politics, poverty, and environmental consequences).

Evaluate the role of muckrakers and social reformers (e.g., Jane Addams, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair) on increased awareness of business practices and societal concerns, including child labor, working conditions, and the regulation of big business.

Assess the significance of the Labor Movement (e.g., Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor), including the leadership of Samuel Gompers and Eugene V. Debs, by comparing its early goals (e.g., trade unions, favorable legislation) to strategies and their repercussions (e.g., Pullman Strike, Haymarket Riot).

Evaluate the efforts of major reform movements in addressing social issues.

Describe the Women’s Suffrage Movement, focusing on the leadership of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Alice Paul, as well as strategies used to bring attention to the suffrage cause.

Explain how the Social Gospel movement emphasized the engagement of churches in social reform and the application of Christian principles to societal problems such as poverty, inequality, and injustice.

Summarize changing race relations as a result of the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, establishing a doctrine that became known as "separate but equal.”

Describe continued attempts to disenfranchise African Americans through the use of poll taxes and literacy tests by some state governments.

Compare the viewpoints of early civil right leaders, such as Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Ida B. Wells, in response to rising racial tensions.

Evaluate the influence of the Niagara Movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on expanding opportunities for African Americans.

Evaluate the rise and reforms of Populism and the Progressive Movement.

Describe how democratic processes (e.g., direct primary, initiative petition, referendum, recall) intended to limit political corruption by making politicians and lawmaking more immediately responsive to the people.

Explain the impact of William Jennings Bryan and his Cross of Gold message on the political landscape.

Trace the series of events leading to and the effects of the 16th and 17th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States.

Describe how the rise of trusts and monopolies impacted consumers and workers, prompting government’s response with the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts.

Analyze and compare the personalities, actions and policies of presidents during the Progressive Era.

Describe the efforts of President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration, including the promises of the Square Deal, Meat Inspection Act, trust-busting laws, and support for conservation.

Examine President William Howard Taft’s trust-busting agenda, the Pure Food and Drug Act, and formation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Evaluate the significance of the 1912 presidential election, including the rise of Roosevelt's Bull Moose Party and the viability of Eugene V. Debs’ Socialist Party.

Describe the work of President Woodrow Wilson’s administration, including the promises of “New Freedom” and passage of the Federal Reserve Act.

The student will analyze the expanding role of the United States in international affairs as America was transformed into a world power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Evaluate the impact of Imperialism on international relations and its effect on developing nations.

Explain the rise of the United States as a world power amidst debates over the United States’ role in world affairs and overseas expansion.

Compare the economic, religious, social, and political rationales for American imperialism, comparing the concept of Social Darwinism to arguments made by Anti-Imperialists and colonial responses.

Explain American influence, as well as the motivations, leading to the annexation of the kingdom of Hawaii, including the influence of Admiral Alfred T. Mahan’s vision for American naval power.

Identify events leading to the call of Americans to engage in war with Spain, assessing the influence of yellow journalism and jingoism.

Examine how the Spanish-American War resulted in the rise of the United States as a world power, leading to new territorial acquisitions and followed by national insurrections in Cuba and the Philippines.

Assess the foreign policy of President Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy and his Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, influencing the acquisition and construction of the Panama Canal.

Explain the focus of President Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy” to ensure the financial stability of a region while protecting and extending national commercial interests.

Examine how President Wilson's ethical and religious beliefs influenced his vision of “Missionary Diplomacy” as America’s moral responsibility to spread the benefits of democracy to emerging nations.

Evaluate the long-term impact of America’s entry into World War I on national politics, the economy, and society.

Examine the justification for the United States’ movement from neutrality to engagement in World War I by explaining the intent and impact of the Zimmermann Telegram and threats to international trade caused by the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.

Identify the Selective Service Act as a means to mobilize armed forces to support allied nations of the Triple Entente during the First World War.

Describe the purpose of the Espionage Act and Sedition Act within the context of the First Red Scare and its impact on individual liberties, such as the imprisonment of anti-war critics and activists, the Palmer Raids, and the Sacco-Vanzetti trials.

Explain how the American Expeditionary Forces, economic support, and the production of armaments helped turn the tide of war, leading to an Allied victory.

Analyze the impact of the war on the home front including the use of propaganda, women’s increased role in industry, the marshaling of industrial production, and the Great Migration.

Examine Wilson’s foreign policy as proposed in his Fourteen Points and reasons for the nation’s return to isolationism highlighted by the Senate’s rejection of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the proposed League of Nations.

The student will analyze the cycles of economic boom and bust of the 1920s and 1930s on the transformation of American government and society.

Examine the economic, political, social, and cultural transformations between the World Wars.

Explain how the era reflected change, characterized by clashes between modern and traditional values, exemplified by the passage of the 18th and 21st Amendments, the Scopes Trial, issues of women’s rights, and the efforts of Carrie Chapman Catt resulting in the ratification of the 19th Amendment.

Describe the transition from wartime to peace under the Harding Administration, including the demobilization of drafted soldiers, federal budget cuts, and amnesty for political prisoners.

Examine the presidency of President Calvin Coolidge and his philosophy of limited government, debates over immigration policy, including the impact of the Immigration Act of 1924, which established national quotas related to origin.

Identify new forms of cultural expression (e.g., radio, Hollywood films, comic books), including the significant impact of African American culture as exhibited by the Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age.

Describe the rising racial tensions in American society, resulting in the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, lynchings, violence typified by the Tulsa Race Massacre, and the continued use of poll taxes and literacy tests to disenfranchise African Americans, including responses by African American leadership, such as Marcus Garvey.

Assess the effects of the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 on the status of Tribal citizens with regards to dual citizenship, the divided Tribal reaction regarding sovereignty concerns, and efforts by some states to deny voting rights.

Analyze the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties and the collapse of the American economy, leading to the Great Depression.

Describe the booming economy based upon access to easy credit through installment buying and a return to laissez-faire economics during the Harding and Coolidge Administrations.

Examine the various factors contributing to and exacerbating the global depression, including German reparations, Allied war debts, American loans to Europe, and the Smoot-Hawley Tariff’s strain on international trade.

Identify causes contributing to an unstable economy including the overproduction of agriculture products, greater speculation in the stock market and buying on margin, and laissez faire policies.

Examine the role of the Stock Market Crash and bank failures in weakening both the agricultural and manufacturing sectors of the economy, as well as decimating the savings of middle-class families.

Explain growing labor unrest and industry’s reactions by describing the use of sit-down strikes and court injunctions and examining why socialism and communism appealed to labor.

Analyze points of view regarding the economic and social impact of the Great Depression on individuals, families, and the nation.

Analyze how President Herbert Hoover’s philosophy of “rugged individualism,” public works projects, and restrictive monetary policies attempted to address massive unemployment; describe examples of public reaction to such measures (e.g., Bonus Army March, Hoovervilles, presidential election of 1932).

Analyze the impact of the New Deal in addressing the challenges of the Great Depression by transforming the federal government’s role in domestic economic policies.

Assess changing viewpoints regarding the expanding role of government as expressed in President Franklin Roosevelt’s First Inaugural Address.

Examine how national policies, based upon John Maynard Keynes’ theory of deficit spending, addressed the economic crisis, and evaluate the critiques of centralized economic planning.

Analyze the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies, including charges of socialism and the effect of President Roosevelt’s court packing plan on the future of the New Deal.

Summarize the goals and effectiveness of new federal agencies to address conditions of the Great Depression (e.g., Social Security Administration, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [FDIC], Works Progress Administration [WPA], Civilian Conservation Corps [CCC], Tennessee Valley Authority [TVA]).

Identify the natural and man-made factors resulting in the environmental disaster known as the Dust Bowl, analyzing its effects on agricultural production, migration, and the national economy, as well as New Deal response (e.g., Farm Security Administration).

Explain how the Indian Reorganization Act intended to reverse federal policy by restoring lands to Tribal trust status and endorsing Tribal constitutions, which affected the thirty-nine Tribes of Oklahoma.

Describe the extent that New Deal programs provided relief for African- Americans, including the influence of the “Black Cabinet” and educator Mary McLeod Bethune.

Explain how the Great Depression and the New Deal affected American politics by the emergence of a New Deal coalition consisting of blue-collar workers, farmers, Jews, and Catholics.

The student will analyze the United States’ role in international affairs by examining the major causes, events and effects of the nation’s involvement in World War II.

Describe the transformations in American society and government policy as the nation entered World War II.

Examine fascism in Germany and Italy, including its roots in economic depression, effects of the Versailles Treaty, and ideology, culminating in German rearmament and militarization of the Rhineland.

Examine the public stance of appeasement, isolationism, and a reluctance to respond to fascist and communist military aggression in Europe and Asia, as reflected in the Neutrality Acts.

Evaluate the industrial mobilization and psychological preparation for war as reflected in President Franklin Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech.

Describe programs initiated to support Great Britain, including Lend-Lease, Destroyers for Bases, and Cash and Carry.

Examine President Franklin Roosevelt’s leadership, including how he motivated Americans with the Day Which Will Live in Infamy speech, his role as commander in chief, and his diplomatic efforts to maintain the Grand Alliance.

Explain the reasons for President Roosevelt’s executive order for the incarceration of Americans of Japanese descent, the experiences of Japanese families, and the Supreme Court’s decision in Korematsu v. United States.

Describe the war’s impact on the home front (e.g., rationing, the Bracero program, bond drives, conversion of factories for wartime, federal regulation of production and labor, the entry of large numbers of women and minorities into the workforce, prisoner of war camps, and the treatment of Americans of German and Italian descent).

Analyze the series of events affecting the outcome of World War II.

Identify major battles, military turning points, and key strategic decisions in both the European and Pacific Theaters of Operations (e.g., Pearl Harbor, the D-day Invasion, Stalingrad, Midway, Okinawa, Battle of the Bulge, Iwo Jima, and the island-hopping strategy).

Describe the roles of individual American leaders, including Generals MacArthur and Eisenhower, as well as the unique contributions of special fighting forces (e.g., Tuskegee Airmen, 442nd Regimental Combat team, Indian Code Talkers).

Explain the purpose of the Allied conferences at Yalta and Potsdam and how such negotiations would affect post-war Europe.

Analyze President Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb and describe the legacy of the development and use of atomic weapons.

Summarize America’s reactions to the events of the Shoah (Jewish Holocaust).

Examine the American government’s actions to news of the Shoah during the war including condemnation of Nazi extermination of Jews and creation of the War Refugee Board.

Describe the liberation of concentration camps and the immigration of Shoah survivors.

Examine the United States’ participation in the Nuremberg Trials which held Nazi leaders accountable for war crimes.

Examine the impact of World War II on the lives of American citizens.

Examine how wartime employment in the civilian economy and the armed services contributed to an end of the Great Depression’s unemployment.

Describe changes in society during the post-war era (e.g., urban population migration to the suburbs, the baby boom, growth of the middle class, home ownership, development of mass media, and consumerism).

Describe the goals and effects of the G. I. Bill of Rights and Truman’s “Fair Deal” on the average citizen.

Assess the influence of A. Philip Randolph regarding efforts to eliminate employment discrimination and the impact of President Truman’s decision to desegregate the United States Armed Forces.

The student will analyze foreign events and policies during the early Cold War Era.

Analyze the origins of international alliances and efforts at containment of Communism following World War II.

Analyze the effect of massive aid given to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan on the rebuilding of Europe.

Describe the goals for the formation of the United Nations, including its focus on international security, as well as cooperation among nations regarding economic, social, and humanitarian issues.

Evaluate ideological factors that contributed to the Cold War, identifying differences between the Soviet and American political and economic systems, including the concept of an Iron Curtain, and describing the strategy of containment as America’s response to Soviet expansionist actions.

Identify early confrontations between the Soviet Union and the United States including the postwar division of Berlin, the Berlin Blockade and Airlift, and Soviet attempts to overthrow governments in Europe.

Describe the roles and consequences of the spheres of influence created by the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

Assess the impact and successes of the Truman Doctrine including the American military response to the invasion of South Korea.

Describe American containment strategies as they applied to the Middle East, as well as United States’ military involvement in Latin America.

Describe domestic events related to the Cold War, including the threat of Communism and its aftermath.

Summarize the rationale for public fear of a communist influence within the United States.

Explain the origins and consequences of McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare, including the Hollywood Blacklist and President Eisenhower’s reaction.

Describe the Army-McCarthy hearings and examine controversies related to Alger Hiss and the Rosenberg spy trials, explaining the role of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the House Committee on Un-American Activities.

Analyze the escalation of international tensions by examining the series of events and their long- term foreign and domestic consequences during the height of the Cold War.

Examine the impact of the proliferation of nuclear weapons and the resulting nuclear arms race on public perceptions of security, including the goals of the NASA program and the beginnings of the space race prompted by Sputnik’s launch.

Explain President Dwight Eisenhower's concern regarding the power of the military industrial complex to influence American foreign policy.

Evaluate the continuing role of television and other mass media regarding their influence over the 1960 Nixon-Kennedy debates.

Explain President Kennedy’s foreign policy as expressed in his inaugural address, including the establishment of the Peace Corps and reaction to the completion of the Berlin Wall.

Evaluate President Kennedy’s decisions regarding the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis, leading to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Explain how the concept of brinkmanship and the doctrine of mutually assured destruction (MAD) affected defense strategies.

Analyze the escalation of events drawing America into military involvement in Vietnam (e.g., Domino Theory, Vietnamization, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the Tet Offensive, Paris Peace Accords).

Explain how the Vietnam conflict impacted domestic affairs (e.g., outcome of the presidential election of 1968, university student protests, counterculture movement, expanded televised coverage of the conflict, passage of the War Powers Resolution Act and the 26th Amendment).

Analyze the political and economic impact of President Nixon’s foreign policies including détente and the opening of China.

The student will analyze the cause and effects of significant domestic events and policies impacting the lives of American citizens.

Analyze the major events, personalities, tactics, and effects of the Civil Rights Movement.

Explain how segregation took multiple forms by comparing de jure segregation (e.g., miscegenation laws, public transportation) and de facto segregation (e.g., redlining, loan practices) which maintained the policies of “separate but equal.”

Describe the legal attacks on segregation by the NAACP and its attorney Thurgood Marshall, summarizing the Supreme Court’s rulings in the cases of Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, and Loving v. Virginia.

Describe violent responses to the Civil Rights Movement, including the Birmingham church bombing and the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Identify the tactics used at different times to achieve racial equality (e.g., Montgomery Bus Boycott, desegregation of Little Rock Central High School, Oklahoma City lunch counter sit-ins, Freedom Rides coordinated by the Congress of Racial Equality [CORE], the marches on Washington and from Selma to Montgomery supported by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee [SNCC]).

Compare the viewpoints and influence of civil rights leadership (e.g., Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. reflected in his I Have a Dream speech, the perspectives of Malcolm X, and Robert Kennedy’s advocacy of civil rights legislation).

Identify legislative achievements arising from the Civil Rights Movement and their impact on African American political power and economic status, including the adoption of the 24th Amendment, passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Describe the influence of American religion and prominent religious leaders on civil rights and human rights activism.

Examine how the Civil Rights Movement intersected with various other movements for individual rights and liberties.

Describe the goals of American Indian civil rights efforts by evaluating the strategies of the American Indian Movement (e.g., occupations of Wounded Knee and Alcatraz) and the leadership of Dennis Banks in response to federal mismanagement of Native affairs.

Explain changes in Tribal self-determination gained through legislation, such as the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968, Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act, and the American Indian Religious Freedom Act.

Describe the goals and effectiveness of the United Farm Workers movement, including the leadership of César Chávez and Dolores Huerta to improve working conditions for migrant laborers.

Compare the changing roles of women including the goals of the Women’s Liberation Movement and the National Organization of Women, comparing the views of Betty Friedan and Phyllis Schlafly.

Examine perspectives on issues related to the debate over the Equal Rights Amendment and the Roe v. Wade decision.

Analyze the ongoing social and political transformations within the United States, affecting domestic and foreign policy.

Examine the role of the Warren Court’s application of the due process clause of the 14th Amendment (Incorporation Doctrine) which applies the Bill of Rights to the states, thereby securing and further defining individual rights and civil liberties.

Assess the rise of liberalism in the 1960s and the lasting impact of President Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty and the Great Society by expanding the role of the federal government in economic and social issues.

Describe the changing immigration policy, with emphasis on how the Immigration Act of 1965 began to transform American society through removal of an origins quota system.

Identify the goals of the environmental protection movement, including the influence of the publication of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring and passage of the Clean Air Act.

Assess the election of Richard Nixon, including his appeal to “the silent majority” and the effects of the Watergate Scandal (e.g., public distrust of government, investigative role of the media, Pentagon Papers, first use of the 25th Amendment, President Ford’s pardon).

The student will analyze the rationale and impact of foreign and domestic policies of the late 20th century.

Evaluate the foreign and domestic policies, as well as the legacy of President Jimmy Carter.

Examine the lack of activity, growth, and economic development known as "stagflation” challenging the Carter administration.

Describe the negotiation of the Camp David Accords leading to the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty.

Explain reaction to the OPEC oil embargo and issuance of the Carter Doctrine regarding national interests in the Persian Gulf.

Evaluate the impact of the diplomatic standoff of the Iran Hostage Crisis and the failed rescue mission.

Describe the legacy of public service exemplified by President Carter’s post-public service humanitarian efforts.

Analyze the presidency of Ronald Reagan and the rise of the conservative movement in American politics.

Identify the economic and domestic policies of the Reagan Administration known as “Reaganomics”, featuring tax cuts and less regulation, including the response to the air-traffic controllers’ strike.

Describe Reagan’s anti-communist stance, as expressed in his Tear Down This Wall speech and defense policies (e.g., response to Communist aggression in Afghanistan and Grenada, the Strategic Defense Initiative).

Summarize the emergence of the United States and the shift in world power following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Explain how the public's perception of the President was influenced by the Iran-Contra Scandal.

Describe the policy goals of President George H.W. Bush.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the international coalition to counter Iraqi aggression in the Persian Gulf.

Examine justifications for using American troops to overthrow the regime of Panama’s General Noriega.

Describe the significance of passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Evaluate the major domestic and foreign policies of the William J. Clinton administration.

Describe America’s continuing global influence which contributed to the creation of NAFTA and the NATO interventions to restore stability to the former Yugoslav republics.

Explain how President Clinton’s economic policies of taxation, limits on discretionary spending, and economic conditions contributed to a balanced budget.

Evaluate the rise of domestic terrorism as exemplified by the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.

Summarize the political impact of President Clinton’s impeachment on the perceptions of the presidency and powers of Congress.

The student will analyze contemporary turning points of 21st century American society.

Assess the challenges and accomplishments of the George W. Bush administration.

Summarize the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, including examples of heroism and efforts to combat terrorism (e.g., creation of the Department of Homeland Security, passage of the PATRIOT Act).

Describe the consequences of United States engagement in the Afghanistan and Iraqi wars.

Evaluate the environmental and human crisis created by Hurricane Katrina, including the response by FEMA.

Identify the roots of the Great Recession, beginning with the housing bubble’s burst, the global financial crisis, and responses by the Federal Reserve.

Analyze the significant events during the Barack Obama administration.

Describe the economic philosophy of the Tea Party movement and how its ideas influenced the mainstream Republican Party.

Assess the goals and management of military engagements (e.g., wars in Afghanistan and Iraq).

Describe the goals of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), explaining challenges to its enactment.

Explain the intent and outcome of the DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) program.

Identify the outcome of the grassroots protests of the Dakota Access Pipeline and its potential impact on Tribal water resources and cultural sites.

Analyze the significant events during the first Donald J. Trump administration.

Explain the effects of the Trump tax cuts, child tax credit, border enforcement efforts including Title 42 and Remain in Mexico policy, consumer and business confidence, interest rates, and inflation rates prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Describe the effects of the replacement of NAFTA with USMCA, expanded European contributions to NATO spending, the signing of the Abraham Accords, and the successful avoidance of new wars.

Identify the source of the COVID-19 pandemic from a Chinese lab and the economic and social effects of state and local lockdowns.

Identify discrepancies in 2020 elections results by looking at graphs and other information, including the sudden halting of ballot-counting in select cities in key battleground states, the security risks of mail-in balloting, sudden batch dumps, an unforeseen record number of voters, and the unprecedented contradiction of “bellwether county” trends.

Analyze the impact of appointments to the U.S. judicial system and the Supreme Court (e.g., Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization and the overturning of Roe v. Wade).

Describe the challenges and accomplishments of the President Joseph Biden administration.

Examine the United States-Mexico border crisis and the effects of Administration policies.

Describe foreign policies exemplified by the United States’s withdrawal from Afghanistan, responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the Israel-Hamas conflict.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.

Content Standards

Practice Standards

The student will use maps and other geographic representations, tools and technologies to acquire, process, and solve problems from a spatial perspective.

Analyze key concepts underlying the geographical perspectives of location, space, place, scale, pattern, regionalization, and globalization.

Utilize geographic skills to understand and analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on the Earth’s surface.

Define regions and analyze changing interconnections among places, using historical and contemporary examples.

Utilize geographic technologies and geographical data including census data and imagery to draw conclusions about the influence of geography on the world’s people and places.

The student will analyze how the human population is organized geographically in order to understand how change affects human systems.

Interpret geographic data measuring population including density, distribution, patterns of composition, and population trends and projections to analyze issues related to population change.

Examine common characteristics of urban versus rural communities, including the patterns and impact of modern migration to urban centers and megacities.

Explain the push and pull theory of migration and its impact on human capital and demographic transitions, including the consequences of major voluntary and involuntary migrations.

The student will analyze the components and regional variations of cultural patterns and processes.

Compare the world’s major cultural landscapes to analyze cultural differences, cultural identity, social mores, and sets of beliefs which determine a sense of place.

Describe and draw conclusions about the spatial dimensions of culture as defined by language, religion, and ethnicity.

Analyze the role of the environment in influencing a region’s culture.

Explain the processes of cultural diffusion and interdependence, analyzing their impact on defining a region.

The student will explain the political organization of space.

Analyze the nature and meaning of territorial boundaries and their influence on identity, interaction, and exchange.

Compare the world’s political systems of government, based on limited versus unlimited authority, including the rights and opportunities of citizens within each system.

Examine changes and challenges to political/territorial arrangements, by describing the forces that shape the world’s contemporary political map, including the rise or devolution of nation-states.

Evaluate how the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the control and management of territory and resources.

Explain how international alliance networks respond to changing needs of people, places, and regions.

The student will analyze patterns of land use among the world’s people.

Examine how different civilizations have sought to improve the well-being of their people by modifying or adapting to their environments.

Analyze settlement patterns associated with major agricultural regions and linkages among regions of food production and consumption.

Describe the characteristics of modern commercial agriculture including major production regions, variations within major zones, and the effects of markets.

Examine the impact of agricultural practices (e.g., irrigation, levees, terraced farming, crop rotation, artesian wells, conservation, water resource management, and deforestation) on the environment and quality of life.

Explain how transportation improvements (e.g., aqueducts, canals, railroad systems, airports) impacted human development through modification of the environment.

Analyze the influence of geography on current issues to consider decisions regarding future land use, including the costs and benefits of environmental regulation.

The student will analyze the impact of industrialization on economic development.

Examine the significance of access to natural resources, energy, and technological innovations (e.g., wind, solar, nuclear) to the economic development of a region.

Compare the impact of government policies in both market and command economic systems on the availability and use of natural resources and development.

Compare contemporary patterns of industrialization and development in selected regions of the world.

Describe common characteristics of developed nations and compare variations in levels of development.

Explain how changes in the physical environment and political environment influence changes in economic activity within a region.

The student will apply critical thinking skills to address authentic civic issues.

Demonstrate an understanding of the virtue of civil discourse to analyze and address real- world problems.

Evaluate the impact of perspectives, civil discourse, and democratic principles on addressing civic issues.

Engage in a range of deliberative and democratic processes to develop strategies to address authentic, real-world problems in community and out-of-school contexts.

Gather and evaluate information regarding complex problems, assessing individual and collective actions taken to address them.

Develop practices which demonstrate an understanding that social studies involves the evaluation of evidence.

Develop, investigate, and evaluate plausible answers to essential questions that reflect enduring understandings across time, real world circumstances, and social studies disciplines.

Evaluate points of agreement and disagreement from reliable information and expert interpretations used to answer supporting questions related to content knowledge.

Reinforce critical thinking by evaluating and challenging ideas and assumptions, analyzing and explaining inconsistencies in reasoning.

Demonstrate understanding of content through the development of self-driven inquiries and the completion of multi-staged, authentic tasks and assessments.

The student will use interdisciplinary tools to acquire, apply, and evaluate content understanding of the four strands of social studies.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of government, the benefits of democratic systems, and their responsibilities as citizens.

Evaluate various significant documents from the United States and other nations to compare civic virtues and principles of political systems.

Evaluate the impact of the structure and powers exercised by governmental systems on public policy, using historical and contemporary examples.

Analyze the impact of constitutions, laws, treaties, and international agreements, by comparing how various governmental powers and responsibilities have changed over time.

Develop skills which demonstrate an understanding of historical events and the people who shaped our history.

Gather and evaluate the usefulness of various formats of evidence for specific inquiry, analyzing the broader historical context, and assessing potential bias and credibility of sources.

Analyze complex and interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras and contemporary events.

Evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place; construct and interpret parallel timelines.

Demonstrate a mastery of geographic concepts and the use of geographic tools to understand the impact of geography on the past and present.

Actively engage in asking and answering geographic questions by acquiring, organizing, and analyzing multiple sources of data and information about the world’s past and present.

Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to analyze spatial patterns of human and physical environments, explaining relationships between the environment and events, past and present.

Evaluate the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant impact on human and physical environments of various places and regions.

Identify the principles of economic systems and develop an understanding of the benefits of a market system in local, national, and global settings.

Evaluate economic data from charts and graphs, noting trends and making predictions.

Construct arguments using a combination of evidence regarding solutions used by nations to address historical or contemporary economic issues.

Evaluate the impact, both intended and unintended, of government policies on market outcomes at national and global levels, past and present.

The student will engage in critical, active reading of primary and secondary sources related to social studies concepts.

Comprehend, evaluate, and synthesize textual sources to acquire and refine knowledge in the social studies.

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of primary and secondary sources, evaluating features such as author, date, and origin of information.

Analyze information from visual, oral, digital, and interactive texts (e.g., maps, charts, images, political cartoons, videos, artwork) in order to draw conclusions and defend arguments.

Apply critical reading and thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and respond to a variety of complex texts and perspectives.

Evaluate the extent to which historical or cultural perspectives affect an author’s stated or implied purpose.

Evaluate the author’s point of view, potential bias, and how authors can reach different conclusions regarding the same issue.

Actively listen, evaluate, and analyze a speaker’s message, asking questions while engaged in collaborative discussions about social studies topics and texts.

The student will develop a variety of evidence- based written products designed for multiple purposes.

Summarize and paraphrase, integrate evidence, and cite sources to create written products, research projects, and presentations for multiple purposes related to social studies content.

Compose informative essays and written products, developing a thesis, citing and incorporating evidence from multiple sources and maintaining an organized, formal structure.

Compose argumentative written products, including a precise claim as distinguished from opposing claims, organizing logical reasoning, and providing credible evidence to develop an argument.

Engage in authentic research to acquire, refine, and share knowledge through written presentations and products.

Develop self-generated theses or claims related to independent research and investigations using credible and relevant sources.

Integrate quotes and summaries of research findings into written products while avoiding plagiarism.

Construct presentations or products for a designated audience, using research and reasoning to enhance understanding of a topic or issue.