High School Science Oklahoma Standards

Organization of the Body

Define and explain how anatomy and physiology are related.

Identify levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain the relationship.

State the human body organ systems and list their functions.

Identify, locate, and label anatomical position, regional terms, directional terms, body cavities, planes of the body, abdominopelvic quadrants, and abdominopelvic regions.

Describe the functions of the human body and explain how these functions aid in the maintenance of life.

Explain homeostasis and its role in normal body function.

Chemical Basis for Life

Review how the study of living materials requires understanding of chemistry.

Explain the concept of pH, and its effect on body functions

Describe how and where enzymes work in the body

Explain the importance of water and salts to body homeostasis

Compare the structures and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Compare and contrast the structure and functions of DNA and RNA

Cells and Tissues

Identify or diagram the cell organelles and be able to explain their function

Compare osmosis, diffusion, filtration and give examples

Describe different cell types and explain the functionality of the differences

Describe the cell cycle, including the phases of mitosis and explain how the timing of cell division is regulated.

Identify the use of stem cells in modern medical procedures and research

Name classes of human tissues and explain their structure, function, and location

Describe ways the body repairs damaged tissue

Identify the various forms of cancer and describe how it affects the body

Integumentary System

Identify structure and function of the skin and accessory structures

Describe the normal and pathological colors and conditions of the skin

Identify and differentiate between the different types of skin cancer

Describe the three classes of burns, the rule of 9s and treatment of each class

Understand the role of the integumentary system in maintaining homeostasis

Blood

Describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood and explain why it is classified as a connective tissue

List the functions of blood

Discuss the composition and functions of plasma

Describe the blood-clotting process

Describe the ABO and Rh blood groups and explain the basis of transfusion reactions

Explain the importance of blood testing as a diagnostic tool

Name some blood disorders that become more common with age

Skeletal System

Differentiate between axial and appendicular skeleton

Identify functions of the skeletal system

Identify, locate, and label bones and bone markings of the body.

Describe bone development through the lifespan

Identify, locate, and label the joints of the body

Identify location and function of tendons and ligaments

Name different types of fractures

Identify causes and current medical treatments of skeletal disorders

Muscular System

Distinguish between the three types of muscle tissue and tell where they are in the body

Identify major muscle groups of face, neck, shoulder, chest, abdomen, back, arms, and legs.

Describe the function of the muscular system

Compare the structure of the whole muscle and the structure of a single muscle fiber.

Explain how skeletal muscle meets its energy demands during rest and exercise

State the criteria for naming muscles

Describe action of each muscle group related to origin and insertion.

Nervous System

List the general functions of the nervous system

Explain the structural and functional divisions of the nervous system

List the types of supporting cells and cite their functions

Identify and label parts of neurons and relate each to a physiological role

Classify sensory receptors according to body location, structure, and stimulus detected

Describe the events that led up to, happen during, and result after a nerve impulse and its conduction from one neuron to another

Identify and indicate the functions of the major regions of the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalons, brain stem, and cerebellum on a human brain model or diagram

Identify the three meningeal layers, and state their functions

Understand the formation and function of cerebrospinal fluid and the blood-brain barrier

Describe spinal cord structure and list its functions

List the components of the peripheral nervous system

Distinguish between sensory, motor, and mixed nerves

Name and locate the cranial nerves and describe their function

Identify the major nerve plexuses, give the major nerves of each, and describe their distribution

Distinguish between autonomic and somatic reflexes

Compare and contrast the general functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Understand from an anatomical and physiological perspective, the functions of sight, hearing & balance, taste, and smell

Identify diseases and disorders of the special sense systems

Endocrine System

Compare between hormonal and neural controls of body functioning

List the major endocrine organs, and describe their locations in the body and the hormones they secrete

Describe what a hormone is and how it functions

Understand the negative feedback mechanism

Describe the effect of aging on the endocrine system and homeostasis

Describe major pathological consequences of hypersecretion and hypo-secretion of hormones

Identify the endocrine role of the kidneys, the stomach and intestine, the heart, and the placenta

Cardiovascular System

Describe the location of the heart in the body, and identify its major anatomical structures

Describe the structure and functions of the heart chambers. Name each chamber and provide the name and general route of blood flow

Trace the electrical activity of the heart (EKG)

Compare and contrast the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Trace blood flow through the heart.

Identify the body’s major arteries and veins, and name the body region supplied by each

Discuss the unique features of special circulations of the body: arterial to the brain, hepatic portal, pulmonary, and fetal

List and explain the factors that influence blood pressure and describe how blood pressure is regulated

Describe the structure and function of a capillary bed

Draw a diagram of a normal electrocardiogram tracing: name the individual waves and intervals, and indicate what each represents

Lymphatic System and Immune Systems

Identify the structures of the lymphatic system and explain how the lymphatic system is functionally related to the cardiovascular and immune systems

Describe the composition of lymph and explain its formation and transport

Describe the general location, histological structure, and functions of lymph nodes

Name and describe the other lymphoid organs of the body. Compare and contrast them with lymph nodes structurally and functionally

#VALUE!

Explain the difference between an antigen and an antibody.

Explain how fever helps protect the body against invading pathogens

Describe immune-deficiencies, allergies, and autoimmune diseases

Respiratory System

Identify locate and label the structures of the respiratory system.

Trace the air from nostrils to alveoli

Describe the process of inspiration and expiration

Identify lung volumes and capacities

Discuss voluntary and involuntary control of breathing

Describe common lung diseases and disorders

Explain the functional importance of the intra-pleural space

Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood

Name several physical factors that influence respiratory rate

Digestive System and Metabolism

Describe the function of the digestive system

List and briefly describe the major processes occurring during digestion

Identify, locate and label the structures of the digestive system

Differentiate between the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory organs

List the major functions of the large intestine

List the major enzymes produced by the digestive system and how they function

List the major nutrient categories their dietary sources and the main cellular uses

Explain metabolism

Analyze and explain the chemical reactions that provide energy for the body

Explain the importance of electrolytes balance and its role in homeostasis

Identify common diseases and disorders of the digestive system.

Urinary System

Describe the general structure and function of the urinary system including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Identify the parts of the nephron responsible for filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Describe the physical and chemical properties of urine

Describe diseases and disorders of the urinary system.

Define micturition

Reproductive System

Describe the common structure and function of the male and female reproductive systems

Define spermatogenesis and trace the pathway of sperm cells from their site of formation to the body exterior

Discuss effects of testosterone on male reproductive system

Describe the phases of the ovarian cycle and relate them to events of oogenesis

Describe effects of hormones on the female reproductive organs

Discuss disorders and diseases of the male and female reproductive systems.

Describe the process of fertilization and the changes of the female body during pregnancy

Explain how labor is initiated and describe the three stages of labor

Discuss risk factors that interfere with normal fetal development

Distinguish among the types of inheritance and explain techniques to predict genetic disease

Algorithms & Programming

Control

Model the execution of repetition (e.g., loops, recursion) of an algorithm illustrating output and changes in values of named variables.

Modularity

Construct solutions to problems using student-created components (e.g., procedures, modules, objects).

Design or redesign a solution to a large-scale computational problem by identifying generalizable patterns.

Create programming solutions by reusing existing code (e.g., libraries, Application Programming Interface (APIs), code repositories).

Program Development

Create software that will provide solutions to a variety of users using multiple software development processes.

Design software in a project team environment using integrated development environments (IDEs), versioning systems, and collaboration systems.

Develop programs for multiple computing platforms.

Systematically examine code for correctness, usability, readability, efficiency, portability, and scalability through peer review.

Develop and use a series of test cases to verify that a program performs according to its design specifications.

Explain security issues that might lead to compromised computer programs.

Modify an existing program to add additional functionality and discuss intended and unintended implications (e.g., breaking other functionality).

Variables

Compare and contrast data structures and their uses (e.g., lists, stacks, queues).

Computing Systems

Devices

Students will continue to apply the standards and practices from the previous grade levels.

Hardware & Software

Identify and categorize the roles of a variety of operating system software.

Troubleshooting

Illustrate how understanding the ways hardware components facilitate logic, input, output, and storage in computing systems will support troubleshooting.

Data Analysis

Algorithms

Model and use appropriate terminology to describe how artificial intelligence algorithms drive many software and physical systems (e.g., autonomous robots, pattern recognition, text analysis).

Develop an artificial intelligence algorithm to play a game against a human opponent or solve a real-world problem.

Critically examine and trace classic algorithms (e.g., selection sort, insertion sort, binary search, linear search).

Evaluate algorithms (e.g., sorting, searching) in terms of their efficiency and clarity.

Collection, Visualization, & Transformation

Use data analysis tools and techniques to identify patterns from complex real-world data.

Generate data sets that use a variety of data collection tools and analysis techniques to support a claim and/or communicate information.

Inference & Models

Use models and simulations to help plan, conduct, and refine investigations.

Storage

Students will continue to apply the standards and practices from the previous grade levels.

Impacts of Computing

Culture

Evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects that computational artifacts and innovations have on society.

Evaluate the impact of location and user audience on the distribution of computing resources in a global society.

Design and implement a study that evaluates or predicts how creating, testing, and refining computational artifacts has revolutionized an aspect of our culture and how it might evolve (e.g., education, healthcare, art/entertainment, energy).

Social Interactions

Students will continue to apply the standards and practices from the previous grade levels.

Internet Safety, Law, & Ethics

Debate laws and regulations that impact the development and use of software.

Networks & The Internet

Cybersecurity

Compare and refine ways in which software developers protect devices and information from unauthorized access.

Network Communication & Organization

Describe the issues that impact network functionality (e.g., bandwidth, load, latency, topology).

Earth and Human Activities

Earth Systems

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

Environmental Science

Earth and Human Activities

Earth Systems

Earth's Place in the Universe

Earth And Space Science

Biological Unity and Diversity

Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits

Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics

From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Biology

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Energy

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Matter and Its Interactions

Physics

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Energy

Motion Stability: Forces and Interactions

Matter and Its Interactions

Chemistry

Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer

Energy

Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions

Matter and Its Interactions

Physical Science

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.

Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the importance of maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.

Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.

Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.

Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy.

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacities of ecosystems at different scales.

Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.

Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and the flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Use a mathematical representation to support claims for the cycling of matter and the flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Evaluate evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species' chances to survive and reproduce.

Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.

Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.

Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.

Construct an explanation based on evidence that biological diversity is influenced by (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment.

Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.

Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species.

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties, and formation of compounds.

Plan and conduct an investigation to compare the structure of substances at the bulk scale level to infer the strength of electrical forces between particles.

Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the conditions of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Refine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce a change in the amounts of products at equilibrium.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Communicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular level structure of designed materials determines how the material functions.

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy between components in a closed system involves changes in energy dispersal and heat content and results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Develop an argument for how scientific evidence supports the explanation that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by the wave model or the particle model, and in some situations one model is more useful than the other.

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different scales of space and time to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks and interactions that cause changes to other Earth systems.

Develop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.

Analyze and interpret data to explore how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth's systems causes changes to the atmosphere and climate.

Plan and conduct investigations of how the structure and resulting properties of water interact with the Earth's materials and surface processes.

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Engage in argument from evidence for how the simultaneous co-evolution of Earth's systems and life on Earth led to periods of stability and change over geologic time.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate effect human activity.

Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost benefit ratios on large and small scales.

Use computational simulations to illustrate changes between the relationships of natural resources, human populations, and biodiversity and their sustainability within Earth systems.

Evaluate design solutions for a major global or local environmental problem that reduces or stabilizes the impacts of human activities on natural systems.

Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacities of ecosystems at different scales.

Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.

Use a mathematical representation to support claims for the cycling of matter and the flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.

Evaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.

Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.

Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and the role of nuclear fusion in the sun's core to convert matter to energy that eventually reaches Earth in the form of radiation.

Construct an explanation of how the universe formed as a single point and continues to expand based on astronomical evidence of light spectra, motion of distant galaxies, and the composition of matter in the universe.

Construct an explanation about the process that causes stars to produce elements throughout their life cycle.

Use mathematical or computational representations to determine patterns that can be used to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the solar system.

Evaluate evidence in the patterns of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.

Apply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of changes in Earth's formation and early history.

Develop a model to illustrate how Earth's internal and surface processes operate at different scales of space and time to form continental and ocean-floor features.

Analyze geoscience data to make the claim that one change to Earth's surface can create feedbacks and interactions that cause changes to other Earth's systems.

Develop a model based on evidence of Earth's interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.

Analyze and interpret data to explore how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth's systems causes changes to the atmosphere and climate.

Plan and conduct investigations of how the structure and resulting properties of water interact with the Earth's materials and surface processes.

Develop a quantitative model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.

Engage in argument from evidence for how the simultaneous co-evolution of Earth's systems and life on Earth led to periods of stability and change over geologic time.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate effect human activity.

Evaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost benefit ratios on large and small scales.

Construct a scientific explanation from evidence for how geological processes cause uneven distribution of natural resources.

Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.

Analyze and interpret data to support the claim that Newton's second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Use mathematical representations of Newton's Law of Gravitation and Coulomb's Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between object.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can cause a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can cause an electric current.

Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy between components in a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Develop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.

Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Evaluate questions about the advantages and disadvantages of using digital transmission and storage of information.

Develop an argument for how scientific evidence supports the explanation that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by the wave model or the particle model, and in some situations one model is more useful than the other.

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Communicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.

Use the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.

Construct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties, and formation of compounds.

Apply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.

Use mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.

Analyze and interpret data to support the claim of a causal relationship between the net force on an object and its change in motion, as described in Newton's second law of motion.

Use mathematical representations to support the explanation that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.

Apply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the force on a macroscopic object during a collision.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can cause a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can cause an electric current.

Create a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.

Develop and use models to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy stored in fields.

Design, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.

Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy when two components of different temperature are combined within a closed system results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system (second law of thermodynamics).

Use mathematical representations to explain both qualitative and quantitative relationships among frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.

Evaluate questions about the advantages and disadvantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

Algorithms & Programming

Algorithms

Create a prototype that uses algorithms (e. g., searching, sorting, finding shortest distance) to provide a possible solution for a realworld problem.

Additional standards and practices for this subconcept begin in High School Level 2.

Control

Justify the selection of specific control structures (e.g., sequence, conditionals, repetition, procedures) considering program efficiencies such as readability, performance, and memory usage.

Modularity

Decompose problems into procedures using systematic analysis and design.

Create computational artifacts by systematically organizing, manipulating and/or processing data.

Additional standards and practices for this subconcept begin in High School Level 2.

Program Development

Create software that will provide solutions to a variety of users using a software development process.

Evaluate a variety of software licensing schemes (e.g., open source, freeware, commercial) and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme in software development.

While working in a team, develop, test, and refine eventbased programs that solve practical problems or allow self-expression.

Using visual aids and documentation, illustrate the design elements and data flow (e.g., flowcharts, pseudocode) of the development of a complex program.

Evaluate and refine computational artifacts to make them more user-friendly, efficient and/or accessible.

Additional standards and practices for this subconcept begin in High School Level 2.

Variables

Demonstrate the use of lists (e.g., arrays) to simplify solutions, generalizing computational problems instead of repeatedly using simple variables.

Computing Systems

Devices

Model how abstractions hide the underlying implementation details of computing systems embedded in everyday objects.

Hardware & Software

Analyze the levels of abstraction and interactions between application software, system software, and hardware.

Troubleshooting

Develop and apply criteria for the systematic discovery of errors and systematic strategies for the correction of errors in computing systems.

Data Analysis

Collection, Visualization, & Transformation

Use tools and techniques to locate, collect, and create visualizations of small and largescale data sets (e.g., paper surveys and online data sets).

Students will continue to apply the standards and practices from the previous grade levels. Additional standards and practices for this subconcept begin in High School Level 2.

Inference & Models

Illustrate and explain the relationships between collected data elements using computational models.

Storage

Convert and compare different bit representations of data types, such as characters, numbers, and images.

Evaluate the trade-offs in how data is organized and stored digitally.

Impacts of Computing

Culture

Evaluate the ways computing impacts personal, ethical, social, economic, and cultural practices.

Test and refine computational artifacts to ensure access to a variety of user audiences.

Demonstrate ways a given algorithm can help solve computational problems across disciplines.

Social Interactions

Demonstrate and debate how computing increases and decreases connectivity and communication among people of various cultures.

Internet Safety, Law, & Ethics (SLE)

Describe the beneficial and harmful effects that intellectual property laws can have on innovation.

Describe and discuss the privacy concerns related to the large-scale collection and analysis of information about individuals (e.g., how websites collect and uses data) that may not be evident to users.

Evaluate the social and economic consequences of how law and ethics interact with digital aspects of privacy, data, property, information, and identity.

Networks & The Internet

Cybersecurity

Compare physical and cybersecurity measures by evaluating trade-offs between the usability and security of a computing system and the risks of an attack.

Recommend security measures to address various scenarios based on information security principles.

Explain trade-offs when selecting and implementing cybersecurity recommendations from multiple perspectives, such as the user, enterprise, and government.

Network Communication & Organization

Evaluate the scalability and reliability of networks by identifying and illustrating the basic components of computer networks (e.g., routers, switches, servers, etc.) and network protocols (e.g., IP, DNS).